民族交往的语言表现:新疆汉语同义句的可选择性及其社会差异  

Linguistic Manifestations of Interethnic Interaction:Selectability and Social Variations of Synonymous Sentences in the Chinese Varieties of Xinjiang

作　　者：王远新[1] WANG Yuanxin

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第6期3-16,共14页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：同义句表达的意义相同或相近,彼此间的转换受多种因素制约。本文以新疆不同地区和社会群体为调查对象,探讨民族交往过程中新疆汉语同义句及相关构式和词项的选择及其社会差异。研究认为,同义句的选择不仅受不同语言变体句法结构制约,还与说话人社会特征、汉语和少数民族语言接触有关。语序方面,与普通话相同或相近的动宾结构和连动结构是优势语序,新疆汉语方言句法结构仍有一定活力。在普通话影响下,新疆汉语方言句法结构的使用出现式微迹象,同时,与普通话不一致的句法结构在所有调查案例中均有一定活力,甚至在少数案例中是优势语序。新疆汉语表达方式多与汉语方言词、少数民族语言借词及特殊句法构式共现,说明新疆汉语受到了少数民族语言句法结构的影响。句法结构和特定构式及词项的选择,存在社会差异。在同一种语言变体中,句法结构和特定构式及词项相互制约,因此,可以将句法形式和语义结构置于相对稳定的框架,解释传统语法学难以解释的一些句法现象。双语双言人的同义句转换,以及不同社会群体的语言表现、变异分布和选择的多样性,可以更好地说明句法系统的开放性。Synonymous sentences express identical or similar meanings,and many factors are involved in the mutual transformation between non-isomorphic synonymous sentences.In this article,based on our investigation of different areas and different social groups in Xinjiang,we explore the choices of synonymous sentences and related constructions and lexical items in the Chinese variety spoken in Xinjiang as well as the social variations reflected in the process of ethnic interaction.We propose that the selection of synonymous sentences is not only restricted by the syntactic structure of different linguistic varieties but also related to the speakers' social properties as well as language contact between Chinese and ethnic minority languages.In terms of word order,the verb-object construction and serial verb construction,identical to or similar with those in Putonghua,are dominant constructions,and syntactic structures of the Xinjiang Chinese dialect still claim certain vitality.Under the influence of Putonghua,the syntactic constructions of Xinjiang Chinese show signs of decline in usage.Meanwhile,the syntactic structures which are inconsistent with those in Putonghua still enjoy certain vitality in all cases of our investigation,and in a few cases they are even the dominant structures.Ways of expression in Xinjiang Chinese tend to co-occur with dialect words,loanwords from ethnic minority languages as well as special syntactic constructions,indicating that Xinjiang Chinese has been influenced by the syntactic structures of ethnic minority languages.Choices of syntactic constructions,particular syntactic constructions,and lexical items display social variations.In a given linguistic variety,syntactic structure and particular syntactic construction as well as lexical items are mutually constraining.Consequently,syntactic forms and semantic structures are set in a relatively stable framework,serving to explain some intricate syntactic phenomena which are inexplicable in traditional grammar.Bilingual and bidialectal speakers'

关 键 词：民族交往 同义句 语序和句法构式 句法系统开放性 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]