孟连傣语第7调的演变原因及意义  

Cause and Significance of the Evolution of Tone 7 in Menglian Dai

作　　者：倪博洋[1] 章富刚 NI Boyang;ZHANG Fugang

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300110 [2]江西财经大学社会与人文学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第6期27-37,共11页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“近代傣语语音史研究(21YJC740080)”成果。

摘　　要：孟连傣语第7调55向第10调33合并。这一演变的必要条件是原促使声调产生的音段特征已消失,具体演变原因是:汉语、侗台语等声调语言存在舒促同值的格局,促声调的调值往往见于舒声调。孟连傣语第7调与第10调合并,起点是语言接触推动55调低化,舒促同值格局制约促声不允许产生舒声调以外的调值,只能选择舒声发生过的平行变化:55(第1调)→33(第6调)。促声调型在获得独立音系地位时,受音高、音段、时长等三个标准影响,形成舒促同值格局。但语音上又不完全同于舒声,故不能在音系描写时将舒促调合并。Tone 7(55) is merging with Tone 10(33) in the Menglian variety of the Dai language.The premise of this tonal change is the disappearance of the two distinctive segmental features,voicing contrast of consonants and length contrast of vowels.The specific cause for this tonal merger is that tone languages such as Chinese and Kam-Tai languages have the tonal pattern of “nonchecked and checked tones having identical tone values”,which has a restrictive effect on generation of new tone values for the checked tones beyond tone values of non-checked tones.For the merging of Tone 7 and Tone 10,the starting point is the lowering of Tone 7(55) induced by language contact,and the checked tone is obliged to follow the parallel tonal change occurred in non-checked tones,that is,Tone 1(55) →Tone 6(33).Affected by the three parameters of pitch,segment,and length,a phonological checked tone has the same tone value with the non-checked ones;however,they are phonetically different,and it is advisable in phonological description not to classify the non-checked and checked tones with the same tonal values as one tone category.

关 键 词：傣语 调类合并 声调演变 促声 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]