厄瓜多尔史学的兴起与流变  

The Rise and Evolution of Ecuadorian Historiography

作　　者：王迪[1] Wang Di

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院,200233

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2024年第6期132-144,160,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“二战后全球马克思主义史学理论文献的整理与研究”(项目编号:22&ZD250)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：厄瓜多尔独立后,知识精英从追溯民族起源入手,初步建立起具有爱国主义和民族主义特征的厄瓜多尔史学。19世纪末,随着自由主义革命的胜利和现代国家建设的加速推进,执政者创设国家历史学院作为官方史学研究机构,推动以档案资料为基础、以政治事件和人物传记研究为重点的官方史学的发展。20世纪后期,因国内社会矛盾加剧和抗议运动频发,官方史学开始遭到质疑,新史学随之兴起。新史学倡导将关注点从精英人物转向底层民众、从传统政治议题拓展到经济社会领域,并借助马克思主义对社会结构展开深入剖析。厄瓜多尔历史书写的变迁折射出史学研究领域顺应时代发展潮流、力图实现革故鼎新的发展趋势。After Ecuador's independence, intellectual elites traced the origins of the nation and established a preliminary Ecuadorian historiography with the characteristics of patriotism and nationalism. By the end of the nineteenth century, with the victory of the liberal revolution and the acceleration of nation-building,Ecuador established the National Academy of History as an official historical research institution. This promoted the development of an official historiography focused on archival materials, political events, and biographies. In the late twentieth century, due to the intensification of domestic social contradictions and frequent protest movements, the official historiography began to be questioned, and a new historiography emerged. This new approach advocates shifting the focus from elites to the common people, expanding from traditional political topics to economic and social issues, and using Marxism to conduct in-depth analyses of social and economic structures. These changes in Ecuadorian historical writing are the reflection of not only the formation and maturation of national identity in this country but also the field's adaption to the trend of the times and its efforts to reform and innovate.

关 键 词：厄瓜多尔史学 民族起源 官方史学 新史学 历史书写 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]