小型涡扇发动机多工况下气态污染物与颗粒物排放特征  

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM A SMALL TURBOFAN ENGINE UNDER MULTIPLE OPERATING CONDITIONS

作　　者：赵静波 王睿 韩博[1,2] 邓甜 马思萌[1,2] 韩斌 ZHAO Jingbo;WANG Rui;HAN Bo;DENG Tian;MA Simeng;HAN Bin(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation of China,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学中国民航环境与可持续发展研究中心,天津300300 [3]中国民航大学中欧航空工程师学院,天津300300 [4]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第12期145-154,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“多源数据与模型驱动的机场大气污染排放精准评估关键技术研究”(U2133206);国家自然科学基金“基于航空发动机台架的飞机云凝结核排放因子研究”(42305104);中央高校基本科研业务费“中国民航飞机碳排放测算及减排策略研究”(3122021059)。

摘　　要：DGEN380发动机作为专为喷气式公务机设计的小型涡扇发动机,其气态污染物和颗粒物的排放特性值得探究。于2023年12月23日测试了该发动机在多种工况条件(包括10%、30%和45%推力)下的运行情况。结果显示:1)随着推力的增加,NO和NO_(x)的排放因子显著增加,而NO_(2)和CO的排放因子则呈降低趋势。10%推力下颗粒物的粒径整体呈双峰分布,在20,100 nm处达到峰值,且其总数量浓度为30%和45%推力下的3.4~3.9倍。不同粒径段颗粒物组分中,Na、Mg、Fe、S和Cu元素的排放因子较高,其总和在不同推力下占比均超过80%。碳质组分中有机碳3(OC3)占比最高(25.67%~56.56%),其含量随发动机推力变化而变化;而元素碳(EC)含量在各推力下均较为稳定。3)离子组分以SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)和Cl^(-)为主,在各推力下的平均排放因子为0.24~1.60 mg/kg。4)通过对污染物排放浓度与发动机参数进行逐步回归分析发现,CO排放的主要影响因素是燃烧室进口平均温度,NO和NO_(x)排放浓度与滑油流量呈正相关,而颗粒物排放与燃烧室进口平均温度及进口压强均呈负相关。研究结果为喷气式公务机污染物排放特征评估提供数据基础,为通航机场大气污染防治提供参考。The DGEN380 engine was chosen as a representative turbofan engine for jet business aircrafts,and the emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter from this engine were tested on December 23,2023,at multiple operating conditions(including three operating conditions at a thrust level of 10%,30%,and 45%).The results indicated that 1)NO and NO_(x) emission factors increased significantly with increasing thrust level,while the emission factors of NO_(2) and CO showed a decreasing trend.Under the 10%thrust condition,the particle size distribution of particulate matter exhibited a bimodal pattern,with two peaks at 20 nm and 100 nm.The total number concentration of particles was found to be 3.4 to 3.9 times higher than that under 30%and 45%thrust conditions.2)Further analysis of the composition of particulate matter fractions in different size ranges revealed high emission factors for Na,Mg,Fe,S,and Cu elements in the particulate matter.These elements accounted for more than 80%of the total composition at various thrust levels.The organic carbon component had the highest proportion as OC3(25.67%to 56.56%),which varied significantly with engine thrust level;meanwhile,elemental carbon(EC)content remained relatively stable across all thrust levels.3)Ionic components were predominantly composed of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-),and Cl^(-),with average emission factors ranging from 0.24 mg/kg to 1.60 mg/kg across all three thrust levels.4)A stepwise regression analysis linking pollutant emissions concentrations to engine parameters revealed that average combustion chamber inlet temperature was a key factor influencing CO emissions;NO and NO_(x) emission concentrations were positively correlated with lube oil flow rate;while particulate matter emissions showed a negative correlation with both average combustion chamber inlet temperature and inlet pressure.These findings can provide effective data for assessing pollutant emission characteristics in jet business aircraft,and offer scientific insights for prevent

关 键 词：小型涡扇发动机 尾气排放 粒径分布 组分构成 影响因素 

分 类 号：F56[经济管理—产业经济]