论公立高校学位授予标准的制定与适用  

On the Formulation and Application of Degree Conferral Standards in Public Colleges and Universities

作　　者：林家睿 LIN Jia rui

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2025年第1期110-120,共11页Administrative Law Review

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金一般项目“家庭教育中的国家义务体系建构研究”(项目批准号:22BFX029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：要实现公立高校学位授予标准的法治化制定与适用,有必要关注学位授予标准的合宪性问题。法律对于学位授予标准的规定较为模糊,作为法律适用者的公立高校和司法机关应当以法律中的不确定概念为中介,以宪法为导向进行解释。学位授予中涉及学生的基本权利和公立高校的自主权。学生享有获得学位的基本权利,有必要以“是否存在内在关联”为标准区分法律对获得学位权的形成和限制。公立高校在制定学术性标准时可以在国家面前主张基本权利,但在学生面前仍然是公权力主体;而制定非学术性标准时始终属于公权力主体。在学术性标准引起的纠纷中,可以采取“实质性关联”标准进行权衡和判断;而在非学术性标准纠纷中,应当运用比例原则进行审查,防止过度限制学生基本权利。To achieve the formulation and application of degree conferral standards in public colleges and universities in accordance with the rule of law, it is necessary to pay attention to the constitutionality issue of degree conferral standards. The legal provisions on degree conferral standards are relatively vague. Public colleges and universities and judicial organs, as the applicators of the law, should take the indeterminate concepts in the law as an intermediary and conduct interpretations guided by the constitution. The awarding of degrees involves the basic rights of students and the autonomy of public colleges and universities. Students have the basic right to obtain a degree. It is necessary to distinguish between the formation and limitation of the right to obtain a degree by law based on the criterion of “whether there is an intrinsic connection”. When formulating academic standards, public colleges and universities can claim fundamental rights before the state, but they remain a public authority before students;when formulating non-academic standards, they are always a public authority. In disputes arising from academic standards, the criterion of “substantial connection” can be adopted for weighing and judgement;while in disputes over non-academic standards, the principle of proportionality should be applied to review and prevent excessive restriction of students' fundamental rights.

关 键 词：以宪法为导向的解释 获得学位权 高校自主权 实质性关联 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D921[政治法律—法学]