“万方环听”:全面抗战前的全国广播网建构路径  

"Wan Fang Huan Ting":The Construction of the National Broadcasting Network Beforethe ComprehensiveAnti-Japanese War

作　　者：朱航 Zhu Hang(the College of IL iterature and Iournalism Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610211

出　　处：《新闻界》2024年第12期74-89,共16页

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国近代县报史”(20BXW020)。

摘　　要：从1929年开始,国民政府就试图在全国范围内,以县为单位建立以“中央台”为中心的全国广播网络。国民党中央委员会常务委员会将其表述为“中枢播音、万方环听”。然而,对于当时中国整体的工业化、近代化水准来说,这并非易事。全国广播网能在全面抗战前夕基本完成,得益于“中央-地方”互构的路径对“中枢”和“区域”的资源整合。具体而言,在中央层面,越来越明显的转移支付手段统筹了收音机入县的资金投入;在地方层面,各省一面分摊“中枢”职责,一面主导地方收音机购置,进一步扩充广播网络。各地方接入全国广播网络的先后顺序,既掺杂经济因素,又受中央牵制,还受地域位置影响。从宏观意义看,这样的广播网建构路径,无疑是近代中国社会语境下媒介现代化发展的重要一环,而探究任何媒介在此间的扩散,也须理解近代中国作为“后发大国”的历史特殊性。Since 1929,the national government has attempted to establish a nationwide broadcasting network around the central station,with counties as the units.The"Zhong chang hui"describes it as"Wan Fang Huan Ting".However,this was not an easy task for China concerning its overall industrialization and modernization level at that time.The national broadcasting network was basically completed on the eve of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese war.This was due to the integration and interaction of resources between the central and local governments.At the central government level,increasingly obvious transfer payment has coordinated the investment of funds for radio stations entering counties;At the local government level,each province shared the central responsibilities while leading the purchase of local radios to further expand the broadcasting network.The order in which each region accessed the national broadcasting network was influenced by economic factors,central constraints,and regional location.From a macro perspective,the construction of such a broadcasting network is undoubtedly an important part of the modernization of media in the Chinese society.To explore the diffusion of any media in this context,it is necessary to understand the historical particularity of modern China as a"Big Developing Country".

关 键 词：万方环听 全面抗战前 全国广播网 转移支付 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]