2019—2021年新疆中小学校教室卫生及学生视力相关因素监测结果分析  

Classroom hygiene and factors associated with poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2021

作　　者：魏碧霞 张俊[1] 丁琳[1] WEI Bixia;ZHANG Jun;DING Lin(People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830001,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第11期805-808,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01C134)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2019—2021年新疆地区中小学教室卫生状况及学生视力相关影响因素,为改善学校环境和设施以促进学生的健康发育提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,2019—2021年分别抽取162、157、170所中小学校,每所学校选择6间监测班级教室,对教室人均面积、课桌椅、黑板、采光、照明及噪声等进行现场测量,评估学校教学环境卫生状况;并对45 402、40 526、42 404名中小学生进行视力相关影响因素问卷调查,包括校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼习惯和户外活动及睡眠情况。结果 2019—2021年,教室人均面积合格率分别为48.83%、45.91%、45.78%,黑板反射比合格率分别为30.76%、31.29%、32.06%,课桌面平均照度合格率分别为42.90%、44.41%、43.92%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);黑板表面平均照度合格率分别为10.96%、14.52%、20.49%,课桌椅分配合格率分别为28.65%、32.27%、51.30%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);视力相关影响因素中近距离用眼习惯的检出率高于50%,存在≥1种近用眼习惯的检出率分别为72.39%、82.14%、81.63%,近距离用眼超过1 h休息1次的检出率分别为67.75%、70.83%、72.46%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 2019—2021年新疆地区中小学校教室环境卫生各项监测指标合格率普遍偏低,近视相关危险行为在学生中普遍存在,学校改善环境基础建设、优化视力相关影响因素迫在眉睫。Objective This study was aimed at understanding the health status,and the vision-related influencing factors,among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2021,to provide a reference for improving school environments and facilities,and promoting students’healthy development.Methods From 2019 to 2021,six classrooms at 162,157,and 170 primary and secondary schools were selected for on-site measurements of classroom area per student,desks and chairs,blackboards,lighting,and noise,to evaluate the quality of the teaching environment.A total of 45402,40526,and 42404 primary and secondary school students were surveyed for vision-related influencing factors,including the in-school eye environment,out-of-school eye environment,reading and writing postures,electronic screen use,close-up eye habits,outdoor activities,and sleep.Results From 2019 to 2021,the pass rates for classroom area per student were 48.83%,45.91%,and 45.78%;the pass rates for blackboard reflectance ratio were 30.76%,31.29%,and 32.06%;and the average illumination pass rates for classroom desktops were 42.90%,44.41%,and 43.92%;the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The average pass rates for blackboard surface illumination were 10.96%,14.52%,and 20.49%,whereas the pass rates for desk and chair assignment were 28.65%,32.27%,and 51.30%;the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Among vision-related influencing factors,the rate of close-up work exceeded 50%.The rates of one or more types of close-up work were 72.39%,82.14%,and 81.63%,whereas the rates of persistent close-up work for more than 1 hour were 67.75%,70.83%,and 72.46%;the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05).Conclusions From 2019 to 2021,the pass rates for various environmental sanitation monitoring indicators in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang were generally low,and behaviors associated with myopia risk were common among students.Schools must im-prove their environmental infrastructures and optimize the facto

关 键 词：中小学校 教室卫生 学生 视力 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]