新生儿先天性心脏病的临床特征及危险因素分析  

Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of congenital heart disease in newborns

作　　者：李月圆 农玉芳 覃夏 梁永恒 李金洪 LI Yueyuan;NONG Yufang;QIN Xia;LIANG Yongheng;LI Jinhong(Department of Pediatrics,People’s Hospital of Cenxi City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Cenxi 543200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区岑溪市人民医院儿科,广西岑溪543200

出　　处：《妇儿健康导刊》2025年第2期51-55,共5页JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH GUIDE

基　　金：广西壮族自治区梧州市科技计划项目(202002036)。

摘　　要：目的分析新生儿先天性心脏病(CHD)临床特征及危险因素。方法纳入2021年2月至2023年12月在岑溪市人民医院出生的827例新生儿,进行心脏杂音、经皮脉搏血氧饱和度测定及心脏彩超等检查。根据心脏彩超检查结果,将新生儿分为CHD组和非CHD组,比较两组的临床特征差异并分析相关危险因素。结果经心脏彩超确诊43例新生儿为CHD,最常见的CHD类型依次为室间隔缺损(37.21%)、房间隔缺损(27.91%)、动脉导管未闭(23.26%)。CHD组的经皮脉搏血氧饱和度测定低于非CHD组,心脏杂音、口唇发绀和气促占比高于非CHD组(P<0.05)。CHD组产妇存在不良生育史、孕早期感染、妊娠糖尿病的占比均高于非CHD组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析显示,产妇不良生育史(OR=3.000)、孕早期感染(OR=4.410)、妊娠糖尿病(OR=2.200)是新生儿CHD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论产妇不良生育史、孕早期感染、妊娠糖尿病容易导致新生儿CHD;新生儿存在发绀、气促以及心脏杂音等症状时,需及时进行超声心动图检查,以早期诊断,及时治疗。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of congenital heart disease(CHD)in newborns.Methods A total of 827 newborns born in People’s Hospital of Cenxi City from February 2021 to December 2023 were included,and cardiac murmurs,percutaneous pulse oximetry saturation and cardiac color ultrasound were examined.According to the results of cardiac color ultrasound,the newborns were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group,the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared and the related risk factors were analyzed.Results A total of 43 newborns were diagnosed with CHD through cardiac color ultrasound,with the most common types being ventricular septal defect(37.21%),atrial septal defect(27.91%),and patent ductus arteriosus(23.26%).The percutaneous pulse oximetry saturation in the CH D group was lower than that in the non-CHD group,and the proportion of heart murmurs,cyanosis of the lips,and shortness of breath was higher than that in the non-CHD group(P<0.05).The proportion of puerperas with adverse reproductive history,early pregnancy infection,and gestational diabetes mellitus in the CHD group was higher than that in the non-CHD group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that puerperas with adverse reproductive history(OR=3.000),early pregnancy infection(OR=4.410)and gestational diabetes mellitus(OR=2.200)were independent risk factors for CHD in newborns(P<0.05).Conclusion Puerperas with adverse reproductive history,early pregnancy infection and gestational diabetes mellitus are likely to lead to CHD in newborns.If the newborn has symptoms such as cyanosis,shortness of breath and heart murmur,cardiac color ultrasound should be performed in time for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

关 键 词：新生儿 先天性心脏病 临床特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]