钢中夹杂物的原位三维形貌表征及定量统计  

In-situ three-dimensional morphological characterization and statistical quantification of inclusions in steels

作　　者：严春莲 其其格 鞠新华 秦汉成 杨瑞 崔桂彬 Yan Chunlian;Qi Qige;Ju Xinhua;Qin Hancheng;Yang Rui;Cui Guibin(Testing&Analysis Center,Research Institute of Technology,Shougang Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100043,China)

机构地区：[1]首钢集团有限公司技术研究院检测中心,北京100043

出　　处：《金属热处理》2025年第1期272-281,共10页Heat Treatment of Metals

摘　　要：以超低碳钢、易切削钢、管线钢、弹簧钢为研究对象,采用电解腐蚀以及夹杂物自动分析技术,完成了钢中大尺寸Al_(2)O_(3)、MnS、常规氧硫化物及氮化物等典型夹杂物的原位三维形貌表征及自动定量统计,并就原位电解腐蚀机理、电解试验参数和扫描电镜分析参数对夹杂物三维表征的影响等进行了讨论。结果表明,通过控制电解参数对钢样进行恒电位电解腐蚀,使钢中不同夹杂物凸显于平整的基体之上,从而可在扫描电镜下观察真实的夹杂物三维形貌,并对一定区域内的夹杂物进行定量统计;电解电压适当增大或者电解时间适当延长,电解液对基体的腐蚀相应加重,有利于夹杂物更清晰地暴露显示;钢基体的珠光体、贝氏体及马氏体组织对夹杂物的定量统计结果易造成严重干扰,可采取基体成分筛选、抑制基体组织显现等措施防止其不利影响;放大倍数、图像模式、图像衬度和夹杂物灰度阈值等扫描电镜参数对夹杂物的三维定量统计也有重要的影响,均应合理设置以确保夹杂物被准确地识别及统计。原位电解法可快速获得钢中非金属夹杂物的原位三维形貌显示,并实现不同基体组织的钢中夹杂物的自动定量统计。相比于二维平面分析,原位电解法获得的夹杂物三维形态显示更完整,且从钢样一定深度空间区域内获取的夹杂物定量统计数据更具有代表性。Three-dimensional morphological characterization and automatic statistical quantification of typical inclusions such as large-size Al_(2)O_(3),MnS,conventional oxysulfides and nitrides were conducted in the ultra-low carbon steel,free cutting steel,pipeline steel and spring steel by using electrolytic etching and automated inclusion analysis technique.The in-situ electrolytic etching mechanism and the effects of electrolytic experimental parameters and analysis parameters of scanning electron microscope on the three-dimensional characterization of inclusions were discussed.The results show that different inclusions in the tested steels appear to be protruded on the flat matrix by controlling the electrolytic parameters of the constant potential electrolytic etching of the steel specimens,and then the real three-dimensional morphologies of the inclusions can be observed by the scanning electron microscope,and the inclusions in a certain area can be quantified statistically.When the electrolytic voltage increases or the electrolytic time prolongs properly,the etching of the electrolyte on the matrix increases accordingly,which is beneficial to the more exposure of the inclusions.However,the pearlite,bainite and martensite microstructures of the steel matrix are easy to cause serious interference to the statistical quantitative results of inclusions,therefore some measures such as the filtration of matrix composition or inhibiting the appearance of matrix structure can be taken to prevent its unfavorable effects.Scanning electron microscope parameters such as magnification,image mode,image contrast and inclusion gray threshold also have an important influence on the three-dimensional statistical quantification of inclusions,therefore these parameters should be set appropriately to ensure that inclusions are accurately identified and quantified.The in-situ electrolysis method can quickly obtain the in-situ three-dimensional morphology of non-metallic inclusions in the steels,and realize the automatic statistical quan

关 键 词：钢 夹杂物 三维形貌 定量分析 电解腐蚀 原位表征 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]