生态环境损害救济体系的法典化构造  

The Codification Construction of Relief Mechanism for the Ecological Environmental Damage

作　　者：陈海嵩[1] Chen Haisong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2025年第1期191-203,共13页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：生态环境损害救济是我国生态文明体制改革进程最为明显、成效最为显著的领域,需要在当前正在进行的生态环境法典编纂中加以充分体现。在方法论上,生态环境损害救济法典化是一个典型的环境法问题,应围绕国家治理的实践需求、现行立法依据以及现实问题展开分析,不能仅限于相关环境法学问题的理论争论之中。在法典化背景中考察现有生态环境损害救济机制,最为关键的问题是生态环境损害赔偿制度的适宜定位,进而明确三个方面的重要议题,需要在生态环境法典中予以专门规定:在制度框架上,基于生态环境损害赔偿“责任确认”与“责任实现”两个阶段的划分,需要根据生态环境损害赔偿磋商情况细化相应法律规则,填补赔偿义务人“反悔”赔偿协议的制度空白,与相应行政执法衔接;在相互关系上,生态环境损害赔偿优先于环境民事公益诉讼,后者主要发挥补充作用,检察机关和符合条件的社会组织在提起环境民事公益诉讼上处于同等地位;在归责原则上,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼须保持一致,均适用过错归责原则,并通过专门条款明确相应举证要求。Addressing ecological environment damage is a key focus of China's ecological civilization system reform,and this must be fully integrated into the current drafting of the Ecological Environment Code.The analysis should prioritize practical national governance needs,existing legislative foundation,and real-world challenges rather than getting bogged down in theoretical environmental law debates.Central to this is determining the appropriate placement of the ecological environment damage compensation system within the code,with three crucial issues requiring specification.To enhance the institutional framework,bridging the gap in the compensation agreement for those liable for ecological environment damage is essential,linking it with relevant administrative law enforcement measures.Regarding interrelations,compensating for ecological environment damage should take precedence over environmental civil public interest litigation initiated by either the prosecutorial agencies or authorized social organizations who hold equal standing in doing so.When it comes to assigning responsibility,both ecological environment damage compensation litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation should adhere to the principle of fault attribution,with clear guidelines on evidentiary requirements.

关 键 词：生态环境损害救济 生态环境法典 生态环境损害赔偿 立法论 国家治理 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]