水系锌离子电池成膜添加剂分析  

Film-Forming Additives for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

作　　者：申海焘 李小华 王梦雅 张宁霜 Shen Haitao;Li Xiaohua;Wang Mengya;Zhang Ningshuang(College of Petrochemical Technology,Lanzhou University of Technology,Gansu Province Low Carbon Energy Chemical Laboratory,Lanzhou,730050)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃省低碳能源化工重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《化学通报(中英文)》2025年第1期73-82,共10页Chemistry

基　　金：兰州市人才创新创业项目(2023-RC-19);甘肃省科技专员专项(23CXGA0027)资助。

摘　　要：水系锌离子电池具有安全性好、成本低、环境友好等优势,成为了新一代电化学储能设备的有力竞争者。但因锌负极的不稳定性,以及水所诱导的副反应使得水系锌离子电池的大规模应用受阻。采用不同的成膜电解液添加剂,可以构筑稳定的电极/电解液界面,既可以调节Zn^(2+)的沉积,抑制枝晶的生长,减少死锌;也可以抑制析氢、腐蚀等副反应,稳定锌负极,提高锌负极的可逆性。不同类型、不同结构的成膜电解液添加剂,其作用机理不同。本文从添加剂的分子结构出发,对盐类、腈类、磺酸类、氟代碳酸酯类、酰胺类、磷酸酯类及生物质等添加剂在锌负极界面的相关研究成果进行了介绍,对几种不同结构的电解液添加剂的作用机理作了阐述和归纳;并对SEI膜的成膜机理、成分和效果进行了总结;最后对未来水系锌离子电池的发展进行了展望。Aqueous zinc ion batteries have become a strong contender for the new generation of electrochemical energy storage devices due to their advantages of good safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.However,the instability of the zinc anode and the side reactions induced by water have prevented the large-scale application of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Different film-forming electrolyte additives can be used to construct a stable electrode/electrolyte interface,which can not only regulate the deposition of Zn^(2+),inhibit the growth of dendrites,and reduce the dead zinc,but also inhibit the side reactions such as hydrogen precipitation and corrosion,stabilize the zinc negative electrode,and improve the reversibility of the zinc negative electrode.Different types of film-forming electrolyte additives with different structures have different mechanisms.Starting from the molecular structure of the additives,the relevant research results of salts,nitriles,sulfonic acids,fluorocarbonates,amides,phosphates and biomass additives at the interface of zinc negative electrode are introduced,and the action mechanisms of several electrolyte additives with different structures are elaborated and summarized.The film-forming mechanism,composition and effect of SEI film are also summarized.Finally,a prediction of the future development of aqueous zinc ion batteries is made.

关 键 词：水系锌离子电池 成膜添加剂 锌负极 界面 优化 

分 类 号：O646.1[理学—物理化学] TM912[理学—化学]