人工智能发展对微观主体全要素生产率的驱动效应研究——方向识别与影响机制  

Research on the Driving Effect of AI Development on Total Factor Productivity of Companies: Direction Identification and Impact Mechanism

作　　者：钟坚[1] 钟玉婷 ZHONG Jian;ZHONG Yuting

机构地区：[1]深圳大学经济学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2025年第1期172-190,共19页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“邓小平对改革开放的历史性贡献研究”(18BKS059),项目负责人:钟坚。

摘　　要：在新古典经济理论分析框架下,研究构建包含人工智能发展与微观主体全要素生产率的任务生产模型,考察了人工智能发展影响全要素生产率的作用机理。研究结果表明:人工智能发展与微观主体全要素生产率之间必然存在驱动效应,进一步扩展分析发现存在“人工智能发展—科技创新与产业结构高级化—全要素生产率”的中介传导机制,在识别影响方向的同时探究了影响机理。结合命题的实证需要,采用A股上市企业数据开展大样本检验,基准回归检验结果与理论分析结论一致;稳健性检验表明,基准回归检验结论具有稳健性;异质性检验表明,地区经济发展水平对基准回归检验结论存在异质性干扰。进一步分析表明,科技创新与产业结构高级化对人工智能发展影响全要素生产率存在中介效应,引入工具变量后相关影响依然显著。最后,研究基于全要素生产率提升视角,为中国人工智能发展提供一些建议。Under the analytical framework of neoclassical economics, this research constructs a task production model that includes artificial intelligence(AI)development and the total factor productivity(TFP)of microeconomics agents in China, and investigates the mechanism through which AI development affects the TFP.The results show that there must be a driving effect between AI development and the TFP of microeconomics agents.Further expansion analysis found that there was an intermediary transmission mechanism of“artificial intelligence development-scientific and technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrading-total factor productivity”,and explored the impact mechanism while identifying the impact direction.Considering the empirical needs of the theoretical proposition, the research uses the data of 5212 A-share non-financial non-petroleum and non-petrochemical listed companies in China from 2005 to 2021 to carry out a large sample test, and the benchmark regression test results are consistent with the theoretical analysis conclusion.The robustness test shows that the result of the benchmark regression test is robust.The heterogeneity test shows that the level of regional economic development has heterogeneity interference with the conclusion of the benchmark regression test.Further analysis shows that scientific and technological innovation and the industrial structure upgrading have an intermediary effect on the impact of AI development on TFP.After introducing instrumental variables, the relevant impacts are still significant.Lastly, based on the perspective of TFP improvement, the research provides some targeted suggestions for the development of AI in China.

关 键 词：人工智能 科技创新 产业结构高级化 上市企业 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F015[经济管理—政治经济学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]