气候变暖前后山东省优质专用小麦品质气候区划研究  

Study on Climatic Zoning of High-Quality Special Wheat Quality in Shandong Province before and after Climate Warming

作　　者：王娜 李楠[2] 南镇武 刘开昌[1] 王宗帅[1] 薛晓萍[2] 孟维伟[1] 王旭清[1] Wang Na;Li Nan;Nan Zhenwu;Liu Kaichang;Wang Zongshuai;Xue Xiaoping;Meng Weiwei;Wang Xuqing(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Provincial Climate Center,Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第1期40-46,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC010805);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023C01);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301003)。

摘　　要：小麦品质气候区划是充分利用区域气候资源、因地制宜生产优质小麦的重要前提。山东省是北方典型的强筋和中筋优质专用小麦种植区,但在气候变暖背景下,山东省气象条件发生了较大变化,小麦品质区划结果亟待更新。本研究采用小麦品质区划农业气候指标对山东省122个气象站点1981—2020年小麦季气象条件(温度、降水和日照时数)进行综合打分,利用ArcGIS插值法得到气候变暖前后山东省小麦品质气候区划。结果表明,气候变暖前后,山东省普遍为强筋小麦适宜区和强筋中筋小麦过渡区,但气候变暖后,山东省的强筋小麦适宜区大幅缩小,强筋中筋小麦过渡区扩大,主要体现在鲁中和胶东半岛南部地区。小麦季≥0℃积温增加及5月(开花-灌浆期)气温日较差下降是导致小麦季农业气候指标综合得分下降的主要原因。该研究结果可为及时调整山东省强筋和中筋小麦适宜种植区及实现品种和生态区的双向适应提供理论基础。Wheat quality climatic zoning is of great significance to making full use of regional climatic resources and producing high-quality wheat according to local conditions.Shandong Province is a typical region in northern China for growing strong-gluten and medium-gluten wheat varieties for special use.Climatic conditions of Shandong Province have changed greatly under the background of climate warming,so the wheat quality zoning results need to be updated.In this study,the agro-climatic indicators for wheat quality zoning were used to comprehensively score the meteorological conditions(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine hour)of 122 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during wheat growth seasons from 1981 to 2020,and the results of agro-climatic zoning of wheat quality in Shandong Province before and after climate warming were obtained by ArcGIS interpolation method and the differences were compared.The results showed that whether before and after climate warming,Shandong Province is always a suitable area for strong-gluten wheat and a transition area of strong-and medium-gluten wheat.After climate warming,the suitable area of strong-gluten wheat in Shandong Province was greatly reduced,but the transition area of strong-and medium-gluten wheat was expanded,which was mainly in central Shandong and the Jiaodong Peninsula.The increase of≥0℃thermal time in wheat season and the decrease of daily temperature range in May(flowering-filling stage)were the main reasons for the decrease of overall score in wheat growth seasons.The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for timely adjusting the suitable area of strong-gluten wheat in Shandong Province and realizing the bidirectional adaptation of varieties and ecological areas.

关 键 词：气候变暖 优质小麦 气候区划 关键生育期 气象要素分值 ArcGIS插值法 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]