沼液替代不同比例氮肥对轻度盐化潮土土壤性质及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer with Biogas Slurry on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Mild Salinized Fluvo-aquic Soil

作　　者：张典 黄兆恒 孙楷清 诸葛玉平[2,3] 杨全刚 张延杰 石艳春 庄兆恒 Zhang Dian;Huang Zhaoheng;Sun Kaiqing;Zhuge Yuping;Yang Quangang;Zhang Yanjie;Shi Yanchun;Zhuang Zhaoheng(CGN Environmental Protection Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Taian 271018,China;CGN Yangxin Bioenergy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yangxin 251800,China)

机构地区：[1]中广核环保产业有限公司,广东深圳518000 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,山东泰安271018 [4]中广核阳信生物能源科技有限公司,山东阳信251800

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第1期110-117,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“环渤海盐碱地耕地质量与产能提升技术模式与应用”子课题(2021YFD190090205);中广核环保产业有限公司测土施肥体系研究项目(077-GN-B-2022-C45-P99-00002);山东省盐碱地农业产业技术体系首席专家项目(SDAIT-29-01)。

摘　　要：为研究沼液替代不同比例氮肥对盐化潮土的土壤性质和小麦产量的影响,在轻度盐化潮土上开展小麦田间试验。试验设置4个处理,分别为常规施肥(XG)以及沼液替代常规施氮肥比例分别为30%(T30)、50%(T50)和70%(T70)。结果表明,与常规施肥比较,沼液替代氮肥处理降低土壤pH值0.12~0.33个单位;显著增加土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,分别提高52.63%~73.51%、42.83%~120.30%、16.82%~75.14%和15.42%~49.04%;显著增加土壤中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)等离子含量,其中Ca^(2+)和Na^(+)含量分别增加20.15%~60.85%和7.72%~72.93%;提高土壤Cu、Zn、Mn、B等微量元素含量以及土壤碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,脲酶活性随沼液替代比例的增加先升高后降低。沼液替代氮肥处理提高土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)的占比,其中T50处理更有利于提高土壤微生物群落多样性。T30和T50处理的小麦产量较XG处理分别显著提高6.22%和11.04%。综合分析,沼液替代不同比例氮肥能够显著改善土壤性质和提高小麦产量,且替代比例为50%时效果最佳。本研究结果可为沼液在轻度盐化潮土上的应用提供理论参考。In order to study the effects of replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry on soil properties and wheat yield in salinized fluvo-aquic soil,a field experiment of wheat was carried out on mild salinized fluvo-aquic soil.Four treatments were set as conventional fertilization(XG),and replacing conventional fertilizer with biogas slurry in proportions of 30%(T30),50%(T50)and 70%(T70).The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry reduced soil pH value by 0.12~0.33 units;significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 52.63%~73.51%,42.83%~120.30%,16.82%~75.14%and 15.42%~49.04%,respectively;significantly increased the contents of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+)and Cl^(-)in soil,and the Ca^(2+)and Na^(+)contents increased by 20.15%~60.85%and 7.72%~72.93%,respectively;increased the contents of Cu,Zn,Mn and B and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase,while the urease activity increased at first and then decreased with the increase of biogas slurry replacing ratio.Replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry increased the proportion of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadota,and the T50 treatment was more beneficial to improve the diversity of soil microbial community.Wheat yield in the T30 and T50 treatments were increased by 6.22%and 11.04%compared with XG treatment.By comprehensive analysis,the replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry could significantly improve soil properties and wheat yield,and the replacement ratio of 50%had the best effect.The research results could provide theoretical references for the application of biogas slurry in mild salinized fluvo-aquic soil.

关 键 词：沼液 氮肥替代比例 盐化潮土 土壤性质 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]