基于外部形态仿生技术的沙柳平茬锯片设计与仿真  

Design and simulation of Salix cheilophila serrated blade based on external morphological biomimetics technology

作　　者：韩志武 刘志刚[1] 裴承慧[1] 常涛涛 王淼 HAN Zhiwu;LIU Zhigang;PEI Chenghui;CHANG Taotao;WANG Miao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学机械工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《内蒙古工业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期44-50,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51665045);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05006)。

摘　　要：沙柳作为我国西北地区主要防风固沙树种,其机械化平茬更新对生态环境保护和社会经济发展具有重要意义。为解决沙柳平茬过程中锯片易磨损、动力消耗大和茬口烧伤撕裂等问题,基于外部形态仿生技术设计了一种新型仿生圆锯片。通过分析河狸上门齿的生物学特性,确定将其作为仿生设计的理想对象,采用图像处理技术提取了河狸上门齿的精确轮廓曲线,并进行了定量分析,在此基础上,基于有限元法构建了沙柳平茬的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,与折背齿锯片相比,仿生圆锯片平均切向力降低14.28%、平均径向力降低22%、轴向力作用时间缩短且切削动能降低21.43%。通过锯切试验对比验证了仿生圆锯片能够提升切削性能。仿河狸上门齿圆锯片可以改善锯齿受力状态,减少沙柳对锯齿的压力并提高能效,为改善沙柳平茬圆锯片切削性能提供了新的设计思路,能够提高沙柳平茬的工作效率,对生态环境保护具有积极意义。The mechanized cut-pole regeneration of Salix cheilophila,the main shelterbelt and desertification tree species in Northwest China,is of great significance to both ecological environmental protection and socio-economic development.To address issues like saw blade wear,high power consumption and burn injury tearing during the cut-pole process of Salix cheilophila,this study designed a new type of biomimetic circular saw blade based on external morphological biomimetics.By analyzing the biological characteristics of beaver incisors,it was determined that they were the ideal object for biomimetic design.Precise contour curves of beaver incisors were extracted by using image processing techniques and were quantitatively analyzed,and based on which,a finite element simulation model of the Salix cheilophila cut-pole process was established.Simulation results show that compared to the sickle-back tooth saw blade,the average cutting force of the biomimetic circular saw blade is reduced by 14.28%,the average radial force is reduced by 22%,the axial force acts over a shortened time and the cutting energy is reduced by 21.43%.Saw cutting tests verified that the biomimetic circular saw blade can improve cutting performance.The circular saw blade modeled after beaver incisors can improve the stress state of the saw teeth,reduce pressure on Salix cheilophila and improve energy efficiency.The new design can improve the cutting performance of circular saw blades for Salix cheilophila cut-pole,and improve working efficiency with positive significance for ecological environmental protection.

关 键 词：仿生技术 圆锯片 特征曲线分析 切削过程仿真 

分 类 号：Q811[生物学—生物工程] TP71[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]