黔西北红天麻种子萌发菌的鉴定及优良菌株筛选  

Identification and Screening of Excellent Strains of the Germination Fungi for Gastrodia elata f.elata Seeds in Northwest Guizhou

作　　者：柳敏 周茂嫦 陈晓芳 侯俊 赵丽 王彩云 LIU Min;ZHOU Maochang;CHEN Xiaofang;HOU Jun;ZHAO Li;WANG Caiyun(Bijie Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Bijie 551700,China;Bijie Medical College,Bijie 551700,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Dafang County,Bijie 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]毕节市中药研究所,贵州毕节551700 [2]毕节医学高等专科学校,贵州毕节551700 [3]大方县农业农村局,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2025年第1期44-51,共8页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2020]4012);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般108);贵州省人才基地建设项目(RCJD2020-21);毕节市优势中药材研发创新团队(毕委人领办通[2023]16号);毕节市创新平台建设项目(毕科合[2022]10号);贵州省千层次创新型人才项目(毕科人才合字[2024]3号)。

摘　　要：目的:从收集到的4株可能促使天麻种子萌发的菌株中,筛选出适宜黔西北地区红天麻(Gastrodia elata f.elata)种子萌发的优势菌株。方法:结合形态观察和分子生物学对4株菌株进行鉴定,并通过林下仿野生伴栽试验,探讨各菌株对红天麻种子萌发、产量及有效成分含量的影响。结果:经BLAST序列比对发现M1、M2、M3菌株与紫褐小菇(Mycena purpureofusca)亲缘关系最近,M4菌株与大白栓菌(Trametes lactinea)亲缘关系最近。M3菌株菌丝生长速度最快,且与黔西北红天麻种子拌种栽培后,对红天麻种子萌发效果最好,米麻数量最多,而M4菌株生长速度最慢,且对红天麻种子萌发率为0%;不同菌株拌种红天麻种子后,所产红天麻的天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇等成分含量差异不显著,但总产量及腺苷含量差异显著。结论:结合4个菌株的生长特性和伴栽试验得出,M3菌株更适合黔西北地区红天麻种子的萌发。Objective:Screened out the dominant strains suitable for the germination of Gastrodia elata f.elata seeds in northwest Guizhou from the four collected strains.Methods:The strains were identified by morphological observation and molecular biology.Through the under-forest simulated wild companion planting test,the effects of each strain on the germination,yield and content of effective components of G.elata f.elata were studied.Results:Through BLAST sequence alignment,it was found that strains M1,M2,and M3 were most closely related to Mycena purpureofusca,while strain M4 was most closely related to Trametes lactinea.Strain M3 exhibited the fastest mycelial growth rate and had the best effect on the germination of G.elata f.elata seeds and produced the highest yield.In contrast,strain M4 had the slowest growth rate and a germination rate of 0%.There were no significant differences in the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in G.elata f.elata among the different strains,but there were significant differences in total yield and adenosine content.Conclusion:Combined the growth characteristics and companion planting experiments of the four strains,it was concluded that the M3 strain was more suitable for the germination of G.elata f.elata seeds in northwest Guizhou.

关 键 词：红天麻 萌发菌 分子鉴定 有效成分 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]