观赏植物多倍体育种研究进展  

Advances in the Research on Polyploid Breeding of Ornamental Plants

作　　者：周晓欢 曾凡玉 耿兴敏[1] 许世达 ZHOU Xiaohuan;ZENG Fanyu;GENG Xingmin;XU Shida(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2025年第1期88-93,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：多倍体植株大多具有植株粗壮、叶片宽阔、花大和抗逆性强等特点,同时多倍体育种也是快速创制优异种质资源的有效方法。多倍体的形成机制主要包括为无性多倍化和有性多倍化等。利用体细胞进行染色体加倍和未减数配子发生是多倍体育种的重要手段,多倍体杂交是克服远缘杂交障碍和恢复育性的有效方法。本文对观赏植物多倍体诱导技术、多倍体杂交、多倍体性状改良进行综述,发现多倍体育种能够有效提高植物观赏性状、抗逆性、育性等,以期为今后的多倍体育种研究提供理论依据和技术参考。Most polyploid plants exhibit characteristics such as stout stems,broad leaves,large flowers,and high stress resistance.Additionally,polyploid breeding is an effective method for rapidly creating excellent germplasm resources.The formation mechanism of polyploidy mainly includes asexual polyploidy and sexual polyploidy.Somatic chromosome doubling and production of unreduced gametes are important pathways for polyploid breeding.Polyploid hybridization is an effective way to overcome the crossbreeding barriers of distant hybridization and restore fertility.This article reviewed polyploid induction techniques,polyploid hybridization and improvement of polyploid characteristics in ornamental plants.It summarized that polyploid breeding could effectively improve plant ornamental traits,stress resistance,fertility,etc.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for future research on polyploid breeding.

关 键 词：观赏植物 多倍体育种 多倍体诱导 多倍体杂交 多倍体性状 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]