线粒体稳态在骨骼肌纤维类型转换中的作用及调控机制  

The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Fiber Type Transformation of Skeletal Muscle

作　　者：张孜怡 沈俊男 庞卫军[1] ZHANG Zi-Yi;SHEN Jun-Nan;PANG Wei-Jun(Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Laboratory,College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院动物脂肪沉积与肌肉发育实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025年第2期190-200,共11页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32272847,31872979和U22A20516)资助。

摘　　要：骨骼肌是机体最大的代谢和内分泌器官,肌纤维作为骨骼肌的基本单位,具有高度可塑性。骨骼肌纤维主要分为氧化型肌纤维和酵解型肌纤维,肌纤维类型是影响骨骼肌收缩和能量代谢的重要因素。了解调控骨骼肌纤维类型转换的分子机制对于调控骨骼肌相关疾病具有深远意义。线粒体是细胞生命活动的能量工厂,线粒体的特性即线粒体含量、形态及分布均与线粒体的功能密切相关。不同肌纤维类型的线粒体特性有所不同,这与不同肌纤维能量代谢方式的差异有关。线粒体稳态是一个动态平衡过程,通常受线粒体生物发生、线粒体融合和裂变以及线粒体自噬等过程调控,它们不仅会影响线粒体形态和数量而且影响着机体的葡萄糖和脂肪酸代谢平衡。许多研究表明,线粒体介导的骨骼肌能量代谢底物的改变影响着骨骼肌纤维类型转换过程。运动是一种非药物治疗手段,一般情况下,可以通过维持骨骼肌线粒体稳态促进氧化型肌纤维生成。本文综述了不同类型骨骼肌纤维中的线粒体特性,以及维持线粒体稳态调控肌纤维类型转化的作用,并在此基础上,总结了线粒体参与介导的PGC1α、Ca2+和ROS重要信号通路调控骨骼肌纤维类型转换的分子机制。线粒体作为骨骼肌的能量工厂,通过了解其调控机制进行针对性干预可能是未来治疗骨骼肌相关疾病的新方向。Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic and endocrine organ in the body.As the basic unit of skeletal muscle,muscle fiber has high plasticity.Skeletal muscle fibers are mainly divided into oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers,and muscle fibers type is an important factor affecting the contraction and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle.Understanding the molecular mechanism regulating skeletal muscle fiber type conversion is of great significance for regulating skeletal muscle-related diseases.Mitochondria is the energy factory of cell life activities,and the characteristics of mitochondria,namely the content,shape and distribution of mitochondria,are closely related to the function of mitochondria.The mitochondrial characteristics of various types of muscle fiber are different,which is related to the difference of energy metabolism of different muscle fiber types.Mitochondrial homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium process,which is usually regulated by mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial autophagy and other processes.These processes not only affect the morphology and quantity of mitochondria,but also affect the metabolic balance of glucose and fatty acids in the body.Many studies have also shown that mitochondria-mediated changes in the substrates of energy metabolism of skeletal muscle affect the type conversion process of skeletal muscle fiber.Exercise is a non-drug treatment that can generally promote the formation of oxidized muscle fibers by maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis.In this paper,the mitochondrial characteristics of different types of skeletal muscle fibers and the role of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in regulating muscle fiber type conversion were reviewed.On this basis,the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial involvement in PGC1α,Ca 2+and ROS signaling pathways mediated by fiber type conversion of skeletal muscle was summarized.Mitochondria are the energy factories of skeletal muscle,and targeted intervention through understanding

关 键 词：骨骼肌纤维类型转换 线粒体稳态 葡萄糖代谢 脂肪酸代谢 

分 类 号：Q591[生物学—生物化学]