WTO成立三十周年与中国高水平对外开放  

30th Anniversary of the WTO and China's High-standard Opening-up

作　　者：霍建国[1] 佟家栋[2] 赵宏[3] 宋泓 王跃生[5] 崔凡[6,7] Huo Jianguo;Tong Jiadong;Zhao Hong;Song Hong;Wang Yueshengan;Cui Fan

机构地区：[1]中国世界贸易组织研究会 [2]南开大学 [3]北京大学法学院 [4]中国社会科学院经济研究所 [5]北京大学经济学院国际经济与贸易系 [6]对外经济贸易大学国际经贸学院 [7]对外经济贸易大学海南研究院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2025年第1期9-38,4,共31页International Economic Review

摘　　要：1995年1月1日,世界贸易组织(WTO)正式开始运作,至今已走过三十年历程。WTO是多边贸易体制的代表,为国际贸易提供了通行的法律规则,塑造了以规则为基础的国际竞争环境,极大地促进了全球贸易发展和经济繁荣。WTO在提高世界人民生活水平、缩小高收入与低收入国家间差距以及减贫等方面作出了巨大贡献。进入21世纪以来,国际经济、科技、文化、安全、政治等格局发生深刻调整,世界进入新的动荡变革期。WTO内部发生的根本性变化主要源于部分成员之间力量对比的显著变化,而其面临的困境还源于自身制度设计。在当前复杂多变的国际环境下,WTO的存在至少为全球贸易发展、规则和秩序的稳定提供了坚实的保障。无论未来如何变迁,WTO作为多边自由化的平台应当得以保留,其包容性改革强调通过加强对话和合作解决贸易争端,推动全球贸易健康发展。面对当前形势,中国应当准确把握改革与开放的辩证关系,实现改革与开放的良性互动;应将积极加入高标准国际经贸协定作为推动高水平对外开放的重要抓手,同时以此为契机,推进国内制度改革与调整,进一步完善市场经济体制;在坚定推进对外开放、完善自身制度体系的同时,致力于维护现有全球经济体系,努力推动其朝着更加开放和包容的方向发展。On January 1,1995,the World Trade Organization(WTO)officially commenced operations,and it has now been three decades since then.The WTO,which represents the multilateral global trading system,has provided universally recognized legal rules for international trade,shaped a rules-based international competition environment,and greatly promoted global trade development and economic prosperity.The WTO has made tremendous contributions to raising the living standards of people worldwide,narrowing the gap between high-income and lowincome countries,and alleviating poverty.Since the beginning of the 21st century,profound changes have taken place in the international economic,technological,cultural,security,and political landscapes,with the world entering a new period of turbulence and transformation.The fundamental changes within the WTO stem primarily from the significant shift in power dynamics among its members,while the challenges it faces also originate from its own institutional design.Given the current complex and volatile international environment,the existence of the WTO at least provides a solid guarantee for the development of global trade and the stability of rules and order.Regardless of future changes,the WTO,as a platform for multilateral liberalization,should be retained.Its inclusive reform emphasizes resolving trade disputes through enhanced dialogue and cooperation,thereby promoting the healthy development of global trade.In the face of the current situation,China should well assess and manage the dialectical relationship between reform and opening-up to achieve a positive interaction between them.It should also actively participate in high-standard international economic and trade pacts as an important means to promote its domestic high-standard opening-up to the outside world.At the same time,it should seize this opportunity to advance domestic institutional reforms and adjustments and further improve its market economy system.While steadfastly advancing its opening-up drive and improving its own in

关 键 词：WTO 多边贸易规则 高水平对外开放 经贸协定 制度型开放 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]