WTO改革的现状、挑战与中国担当  

WTO Reform:Status,Challenges and China's Responsible Role

作　　者： 谈晓文 Alejandro Jara;Tan Xiaowen

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]上海对外经贸大学世界贸易组织讲席(中国)研究院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2025年第1期59-83,5,6,共27页International Economic Review

摘　　要：多边贸易体制下,各国利益紧密交织,世界贸易组织(WTO)的改革面临错综复杂的挑战。在WTO履行争端解决职能的过程中,一些成员对WTO规则的解释存在分歧,这主要源于缺乏新规则和新纪律的引导。而这种规则的缺失,又在很大程度上归因于贸易谈判功能受阻。因此,争端解决机制停摆、贸易谈判功能受阻以及成员间存在较大分歧,这些问题相互交织、环环相扣,需要从整体上进行综合分析和研判。尽管WTO改革在投资便利化、电子商务等部分领域取得了一定进展,但从改革效果来看,尚未取得实质性突破。WTO改革的难点主要体现在以下几方面:农业领域议题与工业等非农业领域议题相互捆绑,凸显议题交织的复杂性;各发展中成员具有不同的利益诉求,这对特殊与差别待遇的灵活设计提出了更高要求;信息技术的高速发展正在重塑透明度机制,旧的规则已难以适应新形势下的需求;争端解决机制的改革缺乏强有力的领导者,当前的临时上诉安排未能从根本上解决问题。鉴于美国、欧洲国家对WTO改革缺乏热情以及印度的消极态度,中国应当承担起与自身规模和实力相匹配的特殊大国责任,主动组织改革对话,积极提出改革方案,推动关于新规则和新纪律的谈判进程,从而激活多边贸易体制的活力,推动其朝着更加平等公正、合作共赢的方向发展。The World Trade Organization(WTO)faces complex challenges as it carries out reforms given the intertwining interests of its members under the multilateral trading regime.When the WTO fulfills its dispute settlement function,some members differ with each other regarding the interpretations of WTO rules,primarily due to the lack of guidance from new rules and disciplines.The absence of rules and disciplines is largely attributable to the blocked trade negotiation functions of the organization.Therefore,issues such as the stalemate in the dispute settlement mechanism,the blocked trade negotiation functions,and significant disagreements among WTO members are intertwined and interconnected,requiring comprehensive and holistic analysisand assessment.Although the WTO reform has made some progress in areas such as investment facilitation and e-commerce,few substantial breakthroughs have been achieved in terms of reform effect.The bottlenecks of WTO reforms are mainly in the following areas:agricultural issues are bundled with non-agricultural issues,such as industry-related ones,highlighting the complexity of those intertwined issues;developing-country members have diverse interest demands,posing higher requirements for the flexible design of Special and Differential Treatment(SDT);the rapid development of information technology is reshaping the transparency mechanism,and the old rules are difficult to adapt to the needs of the new situation;and the reform of the dispute settlement mechanism lacks a strong leader,and the current temporary appellate arrangement has failed to fundamentally solve the problem.Since the United States and the European countries lack enthusiasm for WTO reforms and India also has a negative attitude,China should shoulder the special major-power responsibility that matches its size and strength,actively organize reform dialogues,propose reform agenda,and promote the negotiation process for new rules and disciplines,thereby activating the vitality of the multilateral trading system and promoting i

关 键 词：WTO改革 争端解决机制 补贴规则和纪律 农业问题 透明度 

分 类 号：F743.1[经济管理—国际贸易]