从专家主导到社区参与:美国公共民俗学与《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的形成  

From Expert Domination to Community Participation:American Public Folklore and the Formation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

作　　者：彭牧[1,2] PENG Mu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《民俗研究》2025年第1期62-74,157,共14页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“文化认同、身份政治与美国民俗学知识生产研究”(项目编号:17BZW172)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国并未加入《保护非物质文化遗产公约》,但美国公共民俗学的理论和实践深刻地影响了《非遗公约》的核心理念与基本框架。以1999年教科文组织和史密森学会联合召开的华盛顿会议为切入点,细致梳理会议对1989年联合国《保护民间创作建议案》的评估,以及如何针对全球化、文化多样性与可持续发展的时代关切,调整民俗传统保护方式的探讨。会议从根本上奠定了2003年《非遗公约》的基础,而史密森民俗生活中心的学者亦因之深度参与了公约起草等工作。勾勒美国公共民俗学传统,特别是史密森民俗生活中心与公约形成的密切关联,对于探讨非遗保护以社区为中心、社区参与理念的学术渊源,具有重要借鉴意义。The United States has not ratified the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage,but theories and practices of American public folklore have greatly shaped core ideas and theoretical framework of the Convention.Focusing on the Washington Conference co-organized by the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage(CFCH)in Smithsonian Institute and UNESCO in 1999,this paper examines how,facing the deep concerns of globalization,cultural diversity and sustainable development of the time,the conference's evaluation and critique of the Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore(1989)reorients the way of safeguarding folk tradition and lays the foundation for the Convention in 2003,and scholars from CFCH have also been deeply involved in the drafting process of the Convention thereafter.It further delineates how the formation of the Convention relates to American public folklore,especially CFCH in Smithsonian Institute,exploring academic roots of conceptualizing community participation in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage.

关 键 词：《保护非物质文化遗产公约》 美国公共民俗学 华盛顿会议 史密森民俗生活节 社区参与 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]