高温塑化牵伸对碳纤维结构与性能的影响  

Effect of plastic drawing at high temperature on structure and properties of carbon fibers

作　　者：李双 崔迪 王宇[1] 徐樑华[1] 童元建[1] LI Shuang;CUI Di;WANG Yu;XU Lianghua;TONG Yuanjian(College of Materials Science&Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《材料工程》2025年第2期195-201,共7页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52102033)。

摘　　要：为进一步提升聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的力学性能和导电导热性能,以一种典型的高强高模M40J碳纤维为原材料,借助在线张力仪、XRD、密度梯度仪、力学测试和万用表研究了高强高模碳纤维高温牵伸特性以及高温塑化牵伸对碳纤维结构与性能的影响。通过分析碳纤维高温塑化牵伸的应力响应,发现当温度达到2200℃以上时,牵伸过程中纤维产生的应力基本没有变化,纤维发生了稳定的塑性形变,说明2200℃是M40J碳纤维塑化牵伸的转变温度。高温塑化牵伸促进了碳纤维石墨微晶尺寸(Lc,La)的增长和取向程度的升高,并使得石墨微晶细长化。M40J碳纤维在2500℃施加6.0%塑性形变后,拉伸模量由368 GPa提高到503 GPa,拉伸强度保持良好,为4.49 GPa,碳纤维电阻率由11.26μΩ·m降低至9.05μΩ·m,热导率由63.60 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)提高到100.73 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。To further modify the mechanical properties and improve the electrical and thermal conductivity of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers,the typical high-strength and high-modulus M40J carbon fibers are applied as raw material.The high-temperature drawing characteristics of high-strength and high-modulus carbon fibers and the influence of high-temperature plasticizing drawing on their structure and properties are studied using an online tension meter,XRD,density gradient meter,mechanical testing,and a multimeter.By analyzing the stress response of carbon fibers during high-temperature plasticization and drawing,it is found that when the temperature reaches above 2200℃,the stress generated by the fibers during the drawing process remains basically unchanged and the fibers undergoes stable plasticization deformation.This indicates that 2200℃is the transition temperature of plastic deformation for M40J carbon fibers.Plastic drawing at high temperature promotes the growth,elongation,and orientation of graphite microcrystal in the carbon fibers.By applying 6.0%plastic drawing rate to M40J carbon fibers at 2500℃,the tensile modulus increases from 368 GPa to 503 GPa,the tensile strength remains good(4.49 GPa),the electrical resistivity decreases from 11.26μΩ·m to 9.05μΩ·m,and the thermal conductivity increases from 63.60 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) to 100.73 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1).

关 键 词：聚丙烯腈基碳纤维 高温塑化牵伸 应力 结构与性能 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]