南康台地生物礁发育规律及其主控因素分析  

Reef buildup characteristic and controlling factors of Nankang Platform in South China Sea

作　　者：周瑜 张发强 李林[4] 苏玉平 杨涛涛[4] 程明 廖飞燕 闫建钊 吴嘉鹏 Zhou Yu;Zhang Faqiang;Li Lin;Su Yuping;Yang Taotao;Cheng Ming;Liao Feiyan;Yan Jianzhao;Wu Jiapeng(Earth Science College,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318;Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute,Northeast Petroleum University,Sanya,Hainan 572025;Bohai Rim Energy Research Institute,Northeast Petroleum University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004;South Oil&Gas Exploration and Production Company,CNPC,Haikou 570125;Well Logging International Company,CNPC,Beijing 102200)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院,海南三亚572025 [3]东北石油大学环渤海能源研究院,河北秦皇岛066004 [4]中国石油集团南方石油勘探开发公司,海口570125 [5]中国石油集团测井公司国际公司,北京102200

出　　处：《地质科学》2024年第6期1675-1693,共19页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42172155);东北石油大学高水平大学及优势学科特色学科建设基金项目(编号:13051202206)资助。

摘　　要：南康台地位于中国南海南部,是曾母盆地东部的一个二级构造单元,台地上发育200多个不同规模的生物礁,是世界级的重要油气储层。提高该区生物礁形成主控因素的认识对识别和预测规模储层具有重要意义。本文通过区域二维地震、局部三维地震解释,以及钻井资料分析,深入剖析南康台地构造特征、地貌特征、海平面变化和物源供给条件等因素;利用针对生物礁建造的地球物理判识方法,识别了多种生物礁建造类型,划分4期主要层序演化阶段。研究结果认为:南康台地位于廷贾断裂和卢帕断裂之间的古老微地块上,为形成较为稳定的造礁基座提供了有利的地质基础。中新世时期,南沙构造运动使得曾母盆地西部的康西海槽开始加宽和沉降,导致从北部越南和西部马来西亚半岛的沉积物源输入受到阻断,而南部物源向南康台地输入沉积物量极少,为造礁生物大量繁殖提供了适宜的清水环境。相对海平面在中新世整体处于上升阶段,但其间经历了4次相对的升降变化,海岸线向南推进导致浅海环境逐步南移,最终为南康碳酸盐台地(生物礁)提供了足够的容纳空间,促进了大量点礁、块状礁、台地边缘礁和塔礁等4种类型的生物礁发育。在早中新世时期,生物礁建造初始发育,以点礁为主,到中中新世早期开始大规模发育,中中新世中期进入初始繁盛阶段,到中中新世晚期为最大繁盛阶段,从西南—东北方向呈块状分布,晚中新世开始衰退至消亡。南康台地生物礁发育规律主要受到构造格局、海平面变化和外部物源的控制,生物礁的发育演化模式决定于多种因素相互作用的结果。The Nankang Platform is located in the southern part of the South China Sea and is a sub-structural unit on the east side of the Zengmu Basin.The platform is developed with over 200 reef buildups in the different scales,which have been recognized as world-class important oil and gas reservoirs.Investigating the main controlling factors for the formation of reef buildups in this area is of great significance for the identification and prediction of large-scale reservoirs.This paper,through regional 2D seismic and local 3D seismic interpretation,and analysis of drilling data,deeply analyzes the tectonic characteristics,geomorphological features,sea level changes,and sediment supply conditions of the Nankang Platform.By using reef sequence stratigraphic methods,identify multiple types of reef buildups,and four main sequence evolution stages have been divided.It is believed that the Nankang Platform is located on a paleo micro-block between the Tingjia fault and the Lupa fault,forming a relatively stable reef base.The west part of basin formed a significant trough triggered by Nansha tectonic movement.It starts widening and subsiding at Early Miocene,leading to the sediment supply source shifting from northern Vietnam and the western Malay Peninsula to Borneo in the south margin of the basin.The southern sediment source input to the Nankang Platform was minimal,providing a suitable clear water environment for the proliferation of reef organisms.The sea level raised up in general at Miocene with four sub-cycles to confine the reef sequences.The southward retreat of the coastline led to expanding of the shallow water environment,ultimately providing sufficient accommodation for the Nankang carbonate platform(reef buildup),cultivating the development of four types of reefs:point reefs,massive reefs,platform edge reefs and pinnacle reefs.In the Early Miocene,the reef buildup initially developed with dominant point reefs,and began to develop on a large scale in the Early Middle Miocene.It entered the initial prosperous st

关 键 词：曾母盆地 南康台地 碳酸盐台地 生物礁 时空分布 控制因素 发育规律 

分 类 号：P521.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] TE121.1[天文地球—地质学]