论工商业与人权的私国际法规制模式  

The Private International Law Approach to Business and Human Rights

作　　者：于亮 Yu Liang(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第6期91-104,共14页Academic Forum

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“‘一带一路’战略下中国法的域外适用问题研究”(21FXC002)。

摘　　要：“工商业与人权”已成为国际法领域的新兴议题。传统的国际人权条约模式不能充分满足工商业与人权的治理需求,因而产生国际法直接介入私人关系的现实需要。通过概念分析与条约类型比较,可以提炼出“私国际法”的新概念,其属于国际法的范畴,法律渊源为条约,而不是主权国家立法机关制定的“国际私法”,尽管两者的英文表述都可使用“private international law”。拟议中的工商业与人权条约并非真正意义上的人权条约,而属于私国际法规制模式,其突破实证主义国际法观念的束缚,以国际立法方式直接介入企业与个人关系,与传统的国际人权条约相互配合,丰富了工商业与人权治理体系。在私国际法模式下,工商业与人权的核心概念是企业的人权审慎义务及与之配套的程序机制和司法互助安排。我国不宜高估拟议中工商业与人权条约对我国的冲击与挑战,而应以更加积极的姿态参与条约谈判进程。私国际法模式的兴起形成了尽快界定条约在我国的法律地位及可司法适用性问题的迫切需求,以填补《中华人民共和国民法典》未沿用《中华人民共和国民法通则》第一百四十二条所产生的法律适用的不确定性漏洞。Business and Human Rights(BHR)is becoming an emerging discourse in the field of international law.Traditional human rights treaties and their practice cannot fully meet the regulatory requirements of BHR,demanding the international law to directly intervene the relationship among private actors.A new concept of private international law is developed through a conceptual analysis and the typology of treaties.Private international law belongs to international law,which usually takes the form of international treaty and is different from the conflicts of laws made by a sovereign state,although they may share the same English name of“private international law”.The drafted BHR treaty is not a human rights treaty in a real sense but rather a private international law approach.It breaks through the positivist approach to international law and directly intervenes the relations between enterprises and individuals in the form of international legislation.The drafted BHR treaty complements traditional human rights treaties and enriches the governing system of BHR.Under the private international law approach,the core concept of BHR is corporate's duty of care and its corresponding procedure mechanism as well as mutual legal assistance arrangements.China should not overestimate the potential challenge of the drafted BHR treaty on its domestic law.Instead,China should actively take part in the negotiation of drafting process.The advent of private international law approach has triggered the need to define the legal status of treaties in China and their judicial applicability,so as to close the loophole of legal uncertainty due to the fact that the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China has not adopted Article 142 of General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic China.

关 键 词：工商业与人权 跨国公司 私国际法 非国家行为体 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学] D997[政治法律—法学]