消防员负重爬楼梯下肢肌肉疲劳特性及评估方法  

Fatigue characteristics and evaluation methods of lower limb muscles of firemen climbing stairs with loads

作　　者：徐明伟 王科 刘昱彤 王佳[2] 戴超 冯瑞[4,5] 侯志强 XU Mingwei;WANG Ke;LIU Yutong;WANG Jia;DAI Chao;FENG Rui;HOU Zhiqiang(Safety Engineering College,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;School of Safety Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Big Safety Science Research Institute,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院安全工程学院,北京102617 [2]清华大学安全科学学院,北京100084 [3]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [4]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083 [5]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期165-173,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52404195);北京市教委科技项目(KM202310017002)。

摘　　要：为分析消防员在负重爬楼梯过程中的步态特征及其对能量消耗的影响,该文基于步态参数建立支持向量机(SVM)模型预测能量消耗。实验选取24名受试者先后进行A、B两组实验,分别在无负重和负重条件下进行爬楼梯,采集步态数据并进行统计分析。结果显示:在负重状态下,受试者步频、步长、跨步长、双脚支撑相、速度显著减小,而能量消耗、单脚支撑相、周期时间等步态参数显著增大。步态参数相关性分析表明,能量消耗与双脚支撑相、周期时间、速度、步长、跨步长之间存在显著关联。该研究构建了SVM模型来预测能量消耗,模型展现出良好的拟合度(R^(2)=0.85836)。对负重爬楼梯过程中的疲劳风险进行评估,发现大多数受试者面临较高的运动强度和疲劳风险。该研究为优化消防员训练和提高其工作效率提供了理论和实证支持。[Objective]This study aims to analyze the gait characteristics of firefighters during stair climbing under weight-bearing conditions to assess their impact on energy consumption.Firefighters frequently engage in high-intensity tasks,such as carrying heavy equipment upstairs in high-rise buildings,which can significantly affect their physical performance and increase fatigue.Understanding the intricate relationship between gait parameters and energy consumption in these strenuous conditions is crucial for optimizing training efficiency and improving operational efficiency in fire rescue actions.This study not only investigates gait changes owing to loads but also seeks to establish a predictive model to help in training and operational planning.[Methods]The study involved 24 healthy male subjects for two experiments.Experiment(A)performed stair climbing without additional weight,while Experiment(B)carried approximately 26.9 kg of firefighting gear,including protective clothing,a breathing apparatus,and a fire hose,simulating the typical loads that firefighters bear during emergencies.A 3-D gait analysis system captured motion data,including step frequency,step length,stride length,and overall energy consumption.The system also measured single-and double-leg support phases,cycle time,and other gait characteristics relevant to assessing performance under loads.Statistical analyses compared gait differences between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions,while correlation analyses identified relationships among energy consumption and specific gait parameters,highlighting factors significantly influencing fatigue.[Results]The results revealed that weight-bearing conditions led to significant changes in gait characteristics.Specifically,step frequency,step length,and stride length significantly reduced,indicating reduced movement efficiency when carrying heavy loads.Conversely,energy consumption,single-leg support time,double-leg support time,and cycle duration increased markedly,highlighting the added physica

关 键 词：高层救援 火灾事故 下肢肌肉 肌肉疲劳 负重爬楼梯 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TP394.1[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]