清代闽台正口对渡制度考论——兼驳清朝前期“消极治台”说  

An Examination of the Official Port-to-Port Maritime Transport and Trade between Fujian and Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty:Also a Refutation of the"Passive Governance of Taiwan"Notion in the Early Qing Period

作　　者：廖敏淑 Liao Minshu

机构地区：[1]台湾政治大学历史学系,中国

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2025年第1期31-42,共12页Taiwan History Studies

摘　　要：向来研究中国台湾史的学者多半将清代闽台之间的正口对渡政策视为清朝对台消极治理态度的证据,或是作为清朝受明朝海禁政策影响,而对出海活动抱持严格管制态度的例证,但若对照清朝对出洋及海上贸易的管理制度,则会发现闽台正口对渡,其实不过是清朝正常的海关出海管理措施,不能用以证明清朝消极治台。本文通过梳理“正口”“对渡”的字义,深入分析正口对渡制度的历史渊源、制度背景及其实际运作情况,得出闽台正口对渡制度是清代特有、并非沿袭明朝的结论,而清朝治理台湾地区的态度与其他行省制下的地方几乎相同,因此也谈不上“消极治台”。Scholars studying the history of Taiwan China have often seen the policies of the official port-to-port maritime transport and trade between Fujian and Taiwan in the Qing dynasty as indicative of the Qing government's passive governance of Taiwan or its strict control of maritime activities under the impact of the policies of maritime trade prohibition in the Ming dynasty.However,in comparison with the regulations on maritime activities in the Qing dynasty,the policies of the official port-to-port maritime transport and trade between Fujian and Taiwan were,in fact,a regular pattern of customs control,which could not prove the Qing government's passive governance of Taiwan.Through a close examination of what“official ports”(zhengkou)and“maritime transport and trade”(duidu)denote and connote and a detailed analysis of the historical origins,institutional backgrounds,and actual implementation of the official port-to-port maritime transport and trade system,the article concludes that the official port-to-port maritime transport and trade between Fujian and Taiwan was unique to the Qing dynasty,rather than originated from the Ming dynasty,and that there was not much difference in the way the Qing government governed Taiwan region and other provinces under its jurisdiction,thereby refuting the notion of the“passive governance of Taiwan.”

关 键 词：正口对渡 清朝治台 海关 厦门 鹿耳门 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]