高等教育与社会阶层流动:理论与实证  

Higher Education and Social Class Mobility:Theory and Empirical Evidence

作　　者：吴俊珺 杜文豪 何启志 WU Junjun;DU Wenhao;HE Qizhi

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学国际经济管理学院 [2]浙江工商大学统计与数学学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2025年第2期122-138,共17页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：全国统计科学研究项目:"中国式现代化统计测度与动态特征研究"(项目编号:2024LY020)。

摘　　要：高等教育是实现社会阶层合理流动的重要工具,但我国高校扩招是否削弱其作用仍缺乏系统的理论和经验证据。本文从理论和实证角度探讨高校扩招背景下高等教育社会阶层流动功能的演变。理论上,阐述了高等教育促进社会阶层流动的边际递减规律。实证上,利用中国社会综合调查(CGSS)四期混合截面数据,基于IV-Probit模型,评估高校扩招对社会阶层流动的中长期影响。研究发现:(1)高等教育显著提升了个体社会阶层,但其效应随着高校扩招呈倒U型分布,高考录取率达57%时效应达到峰值。(2)高等教育的社会阶层流动功能存在异质性。学历层次上,本科教育的社会阶层提升效应高于专科教育;院校层次上,中央部属院校的社会阶层提升效应大幅高于普通院校。(3)变动趋势上,高等教育扩招持续加剧了我国不同层次高等教育社会阶层提升效应的差异。研究结论为我国高等教育发展及相关研究提供了依据和思考。Higher education plays a crucial role in enhancing upward social mobility.However,whether the rapid expansion of higher education in China has undermined its function in promoting social mobility has yet to be thoroughly examined from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.This study examines the changing role of higher education in fostering social mobility in the context of university enrollment expansion.Theoretically,the study underscores the diminishing marginal returns of higher education as a driver of social mobility.Empirically,using four waves of cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)and employing an IV-Probit model,the study examines the medium-and long-term effects of enrollment expansion on social mobility.We find that higher education significantly enhances individual social mobility,but this effect follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory as enrollment expansion progresses,peaking when the college admission rate reaches 57%.Moreover,the role of higher education in social mobility is heterogeneous.Bachelor s degrees contribute more to upward mobility than associate degrees,and institutions under central administration exhibit significantly stronger effects than ordinary universities.Furthermore,enrollment expansion has widened disparities in the social mobility effects of different tiers of higher education.

关 键 词：高等教育 社会阶层流动 高校扩招 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G647[文化科学—高等教育学]