多亲性液晶分子自组装研究进展  

Research progress on self-assembly of polyphilic liquid crystal molecules

作　　者：王若羽 曹瑜 刘峰[1] WANG Ruoyu;CAO Yu;LIU Feng(Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西省软物质国际合作中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2025年第1期128-152,共25页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21374086,No.21761132033)。

摘　　要：液晶作为一种有序的流体,为功能分子的有序自组装提供了良好的物理环境。传统研究主要聚焦于液晶分子的一维有序组装,如向列相或近晶相。本文综述了多亲性液晶分子复杂组装及其相行为的最新进展,通过调控微观相分离的程度与模式,实现了从二维蜂窝柱相到三维网络结构的一系列组装模式。探讨了空间位阻与相分离对超晶格、Frank-Kasper相等组装结构形成机制的影响,同时分析了极小曲面、超分子手性等基础数理概念对组装行为的作用。此外,还系统讨论了液晶自组装在二维铺砌中的相变路径、三维网络结构的控制机制,以及基于对称性破缺形成的超分子手性行为。这些研究为深化对自然界中复杂超分子体系以及人工框架化学的理解提供了新的思路。Liquid crystals,as an ordered fluid,provide an excellent physical environment for the orderly self-assembly of functional molecules.Traditional research has mainly focused on the one-dimensional ordered assembly of liquid crystal molecules,such as in Nematic or Smectic phases.This article reviews the latest progress in the complex assembly and phase behavior of polyphilic liquid crystal molecules.By regulating the degree and mode of microscopic phase separation,a series of assembly modes have been achieved,ranging from two-dimensional honeycomb columnar phases to three-dimensional network structures.The article explores the influence of steric effects and phase separation on the formation mechanisms of assembled structures,such as superlattices and Frank-Kasper phases,while also analyzing the role of fundamental mathematical concepts like minimal surfaces and supramolecular chirality in assembly behavior.Additionally,it systematically discusses the phase transition paths in two-dimensional tiling of liquid crystals,the control mechanisms of three-dimensional network structures,and the supramolecular chirality behavior arising from symmetry breaking.These studies provide new insights into the understanding of complex supramolecular systems in nature and artificial reticular chemistry.

关 键 词：液晶 多亲性分子 分子自组装 三维网络结构 超分子手性 

分 类 号：O753.2[理学—晶体学]