二维α-磷酸锆液晶的相变及调控研究进展  

Advances of phase transitions and regulation of two-dimensional α-zirconium phosphate liquid crystals

作　　者：陈明风 黄斌[1] 朱恺杰 成正东 CHEN Mingfeng;HUANG Bin;ZHU Kaijie;CHENG Zhengdong(College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2025年第1期153-170,共18页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：中央财政双一流项目(No.112100*1942223R1/005)。

摘　　要：随着材料合成方法的发展,大批具有优异性能的二维材料(石墨烯、氮化硼、Mxene、黑磷等)出现,使二维材料胶体液晶及其自组装性能研究变得尤为重要。α-磷酸锆(ZrP)作为一种典型的层状材料,在机械增强、阻隔性能提升、阻燃、抗腐蚀、催化、环境、能源和医学等领域都具有重要应用。由于α-磷酸锆晶体可通过各种化学方法剥离为单层纳米片,且具备可控合成、多分散性低、物化性质稳定等优点,被作为二维材料胶体液晶研究的物理模板进行了系统性的研究。本文详细讨论了α-ZrP的合成方法、剥离技术、自组装形成液晶及调控策略等。α-磷酸锆液晶相变的主要影响因素包括厚径比、多分散性、温度、离子浓度、电场、磁场、球形颗粒掺杂等,调控条件的改变使其展现出丰富的相行为和相结构。最后,展望了α-磷酸锆作为下一代功能材料的潜在应用前景,以及其液晶相变研究对二维材料胶体液晶和二维材料组装形成宏观材料的重要参考作用。With the advancement of material synthesis methods,a wide range of two-dimensional(2D)materials with exceptional properties,such as graphene,boron nitride,MXenes,and black phosphorus,have emerged,making the study of 2D material colloidal liquid crystals and their self-assembly behaviors increasingly important.Alpha-zirconium phosphate(α-ZrP),a typical layered material,has significant applications in fields such as mechanical reinforcement,barrier enhancement,flame retardancy,corrosion resistance,catalysis,environmental protection,energy,and medicine.Due to the ability ofα-ZrP crystals to be exfoliated into monolayer nanosheets through various chemical methods,and its advantages of controllable synthesis,low polydispersity,and stable physicochemical properties,α-ZrP has been systematically studied as a physical template for research on 2D material colloidal liquid crystals.This article provides a detailed discussion on the synthesis methods,exfoliation techniques,self-assembly into liquid crystals,and regulatory strategies ofα-ZrP.The main factors influencing the liquid crystal phase transitions ofα-ZrP include the aspect ratio,polydispersity,temperature,ion concentration,electric field,magnetic field,and spherical particle mixing.Changes in these regulatory conditions lead to diverse phase behaviors and phase structures.This article also explores the potential applications ofα-ZrP as a next-generation functional material and highlights the importance of research on its liquid crystal phase transitions as a significant reference for the study of 2D material colloidal liquid crystals and the assembly of 2D materials into macroscopic structures.

关 键 词：Α-磷酸锆 溶致液晶 自组装 二维材料 

分 类 号：O753.2[理学—晶体学]