促天麻种子萌发的广义小菇属真菌物种多样性  

Preliminary Study on Species Diversity of Symbiotic Mycena sensu lato Promoting Gastrodia elata Seed Germination

作　　者：刘丽娜 申爱荣[1] 沈宝明 谭云 李赛男 谭著明[1] LIU Lina;SHEN Airong;SHEN Baoming;TAN Yun;LI Sainan;TAN Zhuming(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Chang,Hunan Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Mycorrhizal Edible Fungi,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cultivation and Utilization of Distinctive Bio-resources Under Forest,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南省菌根性食用菌种质资源保护与利用中心,湖南省林下特色资源培育与利用工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2025年第1期65-76,共12页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金-区域联合基金(2023JJ50073);湖南省级林业生态保护修复及发展专项资金(SD2024A008)。

摘　　要：为了解促天麻(Gastrodia elata)种子萌发真菌的物种多样性,发掘更多促天麻种子萌发真菌资源,笔者对我国亚热带地区广义小菇属(Mycena sensu lato)真菌开展广泛调查和采集,采集324份标本,组织分离获得401个菌株。基于形态特征和ITS、LSU序列的初步分析,选取22个潜在功能菌株与天麻种子开展共萌发研究,结果表明:18个菌株可促进天麻种子萌发,通过进一步形态观察和分子系统发育研究,18个菌株隶属于5属13种,雅典娜小菇属(Atheniella)1种、胶孔菌属(Favolaschia)1种、小菇属(Mycena)8种、扇菇属(Panellus)1种和黏柄小菇属(Roridomyces)2种;13个菌株能促使天麻种子萌发形成天麻原球茎并继续分化,4个菌株使天麻种子的萌发率超过90%。两个沟纹小菇(M. abramsii)菌株和1个红斑小菇(M. maculata)菌株的促天麻种子萌发率均高于目前广泛使用的3个商用黄缘小菇(M. citrinomarginata)菌株(SHXG、MFJ和TMMFJ)。In order to understand the diversity of symbiotic fungal species promoting G.elata seed germination and explore superior symbiotic G.elata seed germination strains,extensive investigation and collection of Mycena sensu lato specimens were carried out in subtropical areas of China.A total of 324 specimens were collected,from which 401 strains were isolated.Based on morphological characteristics and initial phylogenetic analysis of ITS and LSU sequences,22 potentially functional strains were selected for co-germination experiments with G.elata seeds.The results showed that 18 of the 22 strains promoted G.elata seed germination.Through further morphology observation and phylogenetic analysis,they belonged to five genera and 13 species,including one species of Atheniella,one species of Favolaschia,eight species of Mycena,one species of Panellus,and two species of Roridomyces.Among them,13 strains further promoted G.elata seeds to develop protocorms with a pointed vegetative apex enabling further differentiation,and four strains resulted in>90%germination rates in G.elata seeds.In particular,two M.abramsii strains and one M.maculata strain brought about a higher G.elata seed germination rate than the three prevalent commercial symbiotic M.citrinomarginata strains(SHXG,MFJ and TMMFJ)currently used for G.elata cultivation.

关 键 词：担子菌 广义小菇属真菌 天麻种子萌发 系统发育分析 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] Q949.32[农业科学—作物学]