酸碱预处理对3种白刺属植物种子萌发特性的影响  

Effects of Acid-base Pretreatment on Seed Germination Characteristics of Three Nitraria L.

作　　者：王智 王文舒 谭天逸 刘雪娟 李慧瑛 刘世英 WANG Zhi;WANG Wenshu;TAN Tianyi;LIU Xuejuan;LI Huiying;LIU Shiying(Alxa League Forestry Grassland Research Institute,Alxa League,Inner Mongolia 750306;Alxa League Aviation Forest Protection Station,Alxa League,Inner Mongolia 750306)

机构地区：[1]阿拉善盟林业草原研究所,内蒙古阿拉善盟750306 [2]阿拉善盟航空护林站,内蒙古阿拉善盟750306

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第2期36-42,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“白刺属植物人工繁育及锁阳人工接种技术集成与示范”(2021ZY0043);阿拉善盟应用技术研究与开发资金计划项目“白刺属植物的人工繁育技术及阿拉善盟锁阳的寄生机制及其生物学研究”(AMYY2020-11)。

摘　　要：为探究不同白刺属植物种子的萌发特性,提高种子萌发率,以大白刺(Nitraria roborowskii Kom.)、小果白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.)和泡泡刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.)为试验材料,分别用浓硫酸(H2SO4)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液预处理3种白刺属植物种子。结果表明:用98%H2SO4溶液浸泡大白刺种子5~10 min,发芽率最高为81.33%,用0.3 mol/L NaOH溶液浸泡小果白刺种子24 h,发芽率最高为81.33%,泡泡刺不做任何预处理效果最好,种子发芽率为62.67%。综合实验结果,选择适当的酸碱预处理方法可以有效提高白刺属植物种子的萌发率,在白刺属植物的人工繁育和种子休眠破除过程中,应根据不同种类的需要选择合适的处理方法,以达到最佳的萌发效果。研究有助于生产实践中大白刺和小果白刺种子人工繁育和人工造林,为恢复荒漠植被和改造盐碱地提供理论依据。The aim of this study is to investigate the germination characteristics of seeds from different species of plants in the Nitraria L.,in order to improve the germination rate of three species of Nitraria L.,and provide theoretical basis for the artificial breeding of Nitraria L.plants and the breaking of seed dormancy.Using Nitraria roborowskii Kom.,Nitraria sibirica Pall.,and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.as experimental materials,the seeds of three species of Nitraria L.plants were pretreated with concentrated sulfuric acid(H2SO4)and sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solutions,respectively.The results showed that the germination rate of N.sibirica seeds pretreated with 0.3 mol/L NaOH solution was the highest at 81.33%,while the germination rate of N.roborowskii seeds pretreated with 98%H2SO4 solution was the highest at 81.33%.Conversely,N.sphaerocarpa seeds without any pretreatment had the best effect,with a germination rate of 62.67%.This provides a reliable reference for breaking dormancy in Nitraria L.plant seeds.Based on the comprehensive experimental results,selecting appropriate pretreatment methods can effectively improve the germination rate of seeds in the Nitraria L..Therefore,in the artificial breeding and seed dormancy breaking process of plants in the Nitraria L.,appropriate treatment methods should be selected according to the needs of different species to achieve the best germination effect.

关 键 词：小果白刺 大白刺 泡泡刺 酸碱预处理 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]