环境胁迫因子对鱼类健康影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Impact of Environmental Stress Factors on Fish Health

作　　者：王恒杰 戴梦杨 王倩 熊信宇 王灿莉 袁向阳 WANG Hengjie;DAI Mengyang;WANG Qian;XIONG Xinyu;WANG Canli;YUAN Xiangyang(School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001)

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第2期157-164,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“氨氮胁迫抑制团头鲂机体蛋白合成的分子机制研究”(32302980);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)面上项目“克氏原螯虾新型功能性蛋白源的开发”(21KJB240002);淮阴工学院2024级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202411049032Z)。

摘　　要：为探究集约化养殖发展中水体环境变化对养殖鱼类造成的胁迫,通过研究温度、酸碱度、溶解氧、氨氮和重金属等环境因子对鱼类机体的影响,从生长性能、血液生化、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力和免疫力5个方面,综述了环境胁迫因子影响鱼类健康的相关作用机制,揭示环境胁迫因子研究的重要性。提出今后需要更广泛地应用野外调查、长期监测和计算模型等综合手段,全面探讨和评估鱼类在实际环境中的应对策略和健康状况,深入探究环境胁迫因子对鱼类健康的分子机制。今后试验需要针对鱼类生长的不同时期进行全过程研究,有助于预测未来环境变化对鱼类群落结构和生态系统功能的影响。通过研究环境胁迫因子对鱼类健康的不利影响,避免或削弱胁迫的发生,为确保鱼类高效健康养殖提供参考依据。In order to explore the stress of water environment changes on cultured fish in the development of intensive aquaculture,the effects of environmental factors such as temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals on fish body were studied.From the five aspects of growth performance,blood biochemistry,digestive enzyme activity,antioxidant capacity and immunity,the related mechanism of environmental stress factors affecting fish health was reviewed,and the importance of environmental stress factor research was revealed.It was suggested that comprehensive methods such as field investigation,longterm monitoring and calculation models should be more widely used in the future to comprehensively explore and evaluate the coping strategies and health status of fish in the actual environment,and to explore the molecular mechanism of environmental stress factors on fish health.Future experiments need to study the whole process of fish growth in different periods,which is helpful to predict the impact of future environmental changes on fish community structure and ecosystem function.By studying the adverse effects of environmental stress factors on fish health,the occurrence of stress can be avoided or weakened,which provides a reference for ensuring efficient and healthy aquaculture of fish.

关 键 词：环境胁迫因子 鱼类健康 研究进展 生长性能 生化指标 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]