铝合金裂纹的脉冲调频超声红外热像检测方法  

Pulse-frequency modulated ultrasonic infrared thermography detection method of cracks in aluminum alloys

作　　者：张珊珊 宋英豪 王飞[2,3] 安东阳 刘振旭 岳洪浩[2,3] 刘俊岩[2,3] ZHANG Shanshan;SONG Yinghao;WANG Fei;AN Dongyang;LIU Zhenxu;YUE Honghao;LIU Junyan(Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100074,China;School of Mechatronics Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technique,Harbin 150001,China;State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京星航机电装备有限公司,北京100074 [2]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工业大学机器人技术与系统国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2025年第1期156-166,共11页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62201173,51173034,52206225);国家博士后科学基金项目(BX2021092)。

摘　　要：超声红外热像法相较于其他无损检测方法,具有较大检测范围、结果直观、对裂纹损伤具有选择识别特性。针对超声红外热像检测技术检测铝合金试件的裂纹缺陷展开实验研究。首先,建立理论模型,以超声激励下的裂纹区域生热机理和热波扩散行为的有限元仿真分析结果为基础,介绍了调频脉冲超声激励形式,并针对表面热波信号的提取给出了主成分分析法和双路正交解调算法;其次,采用自主搭建的轻量化超声红外热像检测系统进行脉冲调频超声激励,获取温度序列并进行后处理;最后,在三个铝合金试件上制造大小不同的裂纹缺陷,通过实验验证了特征提取算法的正确性以及超声红外热像法在铝合金材料裂纹检测中的可行性,选用特征图像分辨率较高、能较好地呈现裂纹缺陷的双路正交解调算法的幅值图和主成分分析法的第一主成分,并探究不同脉冲调制参数对检测效果的影响。最终可知,在起始频率2 Hz、终止频率5 Hz、扫描周期6 s时具有最佳检测效果;采用特征值对比度和对比度波动百分比量化裂纹缺陷的检测效果,对于DOD幅值特征图像,相比平均情况,对比度依次提升了48.63%,47.27%以及35.22%;对于PCA第一主成分特征图像,对比度分别提升了41.45%,44.26%以及42.70%。Objective Compared with other non-destructive testing methods,ultrasonic infrared thermography has a larger detection range,intuitive results,and selective identification characteristics for crack damage.This article conducts experimental research on the detection of crack defects in aluminum alloy specimens using ultrasonic infrared thermal imaging technology.Firstly,a theoretical model is established,and based on the finite element simulation analysis results of the heat generation mechanism and thermal wave diffusion behavior in the crack area under ultrasonic excitation,the frequency modulated pulse ultrasonic excitation form is introduced.The principal component analysis method and dual channel orthogonal demodulation algorithm are proposed for the extraction of surface thermal wave signals.Secondly,a lightweight ultrasonic infrared thermal imaging detection system built independently is used for pulse frequency modulation ultrasonic excitation to obtain temperature sequences and perform post-processing.Finally,crack defects of different sizes were fabricated on three aluminum alloy specimens,and the correctness of the feature extraction algorithm and the feasibility of ultrasonic infrared thermal imaging method in aluminum alloy material crack detection were verified through experiments.The amplitude map of the dual channel orthogonal demodulation algorithm with high feature image resolution and good presentation of crack defects and the first principal component analysis method were selected,and the influence of different pulse modulation parameters on the detection effect was explored.It is ultimately known that the best detection effect is achieved at a starting frequency of 2 Hz,a ending frequency of 5 Hz,and a scanning period of 6 s;The detection effect of crack defects was quantified using eigenvalue contrast and contrast fluctuation percentage.For the DOD amplitude feature image,the contrast increased by 48.63%,47.27%,and 35.22%respectively compared to the average situation;For the PCA first principa

关 键 词：超声红外热像法 无损检测 裂纹缺陷 铝合金 调频脉冲序列 

分 类 号：TN219[电子电信—物理电子学]