超低轨道遥感器高温度稳定性热控设计与验证  

Design and verification of thermal control for high temperature stability of ultra-low orbit remote sensor

作　　者：赵慧 赵宇[1] 宋欣阳[1] 夏晨晖 靳利锋[1] 伍婷婷 ZHAO Hui;ZHAO Yu;SONG Xinyang;XIA Chenhui;JIN Lifeng;WU Tingting(Key Laboratory for Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology of Beijing,Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所先进光学遥感技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2025年第1期167-177,共11页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2202102)。

摘　　要：为保证遥感器优异的在轨成像品质和指向精度,需要遥感器的主要部件在全寿命周期内保持较高的温度稳定性,相比于常见的太阳同步轨道和地球静止轨道遥感器,超低轨道特殊的轨道环境和结构设计给遥感器实现高温度稳定性带来了新的挑战,热控设计的难点在于超低轨道恶劣多变外热流环境,温度敏感的扁平化结构、有限的重量功耗分配、高温度稳定性控温要求。热控设计通过系统级热控设计实现精密控温,应用多种热控措施包括热门机构抑制外部热流、精细化辐射热罩设计,通过高精度控温结构实现隔热均温与控温,精细化功率密度分配等,实现了高温度稳定性,为光学遥感主体提供良好的温度环境。经过平衡试验和在轨飞行验证,热控措施合理有效,能够很好地满足温度要求,遥感器主要部件可在全寿命周期内保持温度稳定性±0.2℃,有利保障了遥感器高质量成像任务,在未来复杂外热流遥感器高稳定性热控设计中具有很好的应用前景。Objective Ultra low orbit satellites generally refer to satellites that operate at an altitude of 300 km or below and above 150 km.Deploying satellites in this orbit can achieve small aperture high-resolution reconnaissance.The height of the ultra-low orbit decreases,the influence of Earth's albedo on the remote sensor increases.The thermal flow environment outside the orbit is complex and harsh.And the high sensitivity brought by the large compression ratio makes the optical tolerance twice as strict as traditional systems,the requirements for thermal stability are further improved.At the same time,small and medium-sized satellite platforms reducing the thermal control resources further increases the difficulty of thermal control.Thermal control design requires adaptation to complex and harsh external heat flow environments,achieving high temperature stability and low thermal control power consumption,which poses challenges to thermal control design.Therefore,the high temperature stability thermal control design of ultra-low orbit remote sensors is of great significance and application prospects.Methods Based on the overview and temperature index requirements of remote sensors, the focus anddifficulties of thermal control design were analyzed. The key and difficult points in the thermal control design arespecifically reflected in the following : 1) Because of the ultra-low orbit has low altitude, the external heat flow inshadow and sunshine areas and seasonal greatly changed;2) When remote sensors imaging, it is necessary tomaneuver, and the external heat flow will change with attitude;3) The remote sensor has a flat design to reducewind resistance and the optical lens is installed close to the inlet, which increases the angle coefficient betweenthe inlet surface and the Earth, further widening the difference between high and low temperatures;4) Higherrequirements for full cycle temperature stability of ± 0.3 ℃ are proposed for thermal control which is a key factorin achieving the optical performance of the s

关 键 词：热控 超低轨道 温度稳定性 精密控温 遥感器 

分 类 号：V423.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]