高速目标碰撞闪光光谱感知与特征分析  

Spectral perception and characteristic analysis of high-speed target collision flash

作　　者：李绍栋 刘吉[1] 武锦辉 于丽霞[1] 孙鹏 郭大千 LI Shaodong;LIU Ji;WU Jinhui;YU Lixia;SUN Peng;GUO Daqian(School of Information and Communication Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;School of Instrument and Electronics,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学信息与通信工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]中北大学仪器与电子学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2025年第1期231-238,共8页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62105305);山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202103021224188,202203021221101)。

摘　　要：闪光现象存在于各类撞击场景中,通过获取闪光光谱并对其谱线波长和强度分析,能够得到许多关键性信息,例如碰撞材料的成分、辐射的强度以及其他环境条件等。在深空探测领域,获取太空陨石等材料类型并分析其结构是深空探测任务的重要指标,对太空材料碰撞产生的闪光光谱进行研究,分析碰撞光谱时间变化特性对于深空探测技术的发展具有重要意义。为了深入探究高速碰撞中的光谱特性,使用主要成分为Al和少量的W的金属材料与钢板进行高速撞击,利用光谱连续采集系统和高速相机,采集了有效时间200μs内撞击光谱的有效变化情况以及撞击完整过程,观察到了清晰的原子(离子)发射谱线。在有效光谱数据中均检测到了Na I和K I的特征谱线,在第二次有效采集时刻,460~530 nm的波长范围内发现了一组强度虽低于Na I和K I谱线但依然可辨的线状光谱,经过研究主要为金属铝气相燃烧过程中AlO发射光谱,同一时刻还检测到W原子的发射光谱,实验造成钢板完全破碎。对实验后的典型碎片样品进行LIBS分析,发现在三种样品中均检测到了同样波长的Na I和K I谱线,并且在金属材料碎片以及表面覆盖金属材料熔融物质的钢板碎片中检测到了不同强度的AlO发射谱线,证明了实验采集光谱的有效性。由此提出在以铝和钢材作为主要构成材料的高速碰撞过程中,可以依据460~530 nm范围内谱线的变化情况,来解析并判断碰撞是否发生并根据碰撞光谱时间变化特性分析其材料构成。由此可以提出通过分析高速碰撞光谱及其时间变化特性能够为深空探测任务中太空陨石等材料的结构分析提供一种可能的新途径。Objective Flash phenomena occur in various impact scenes.By capturing the flash spectra and analyzing their spectral line wavelengths and intensities,many critical pieces of information can be obtained,such as the composition of the colliding materials,the intensity of the radiation,and other environmental conditions.In the field of deep space exploration,obtaining the types of materials such as space meteorites and analyzing their structures are important indicators of deep space exploration missions,and it is of great significance to study the flash spectra generated by the collision of space materials and analyze the time-varying characteristics of the collision spectra for the development of deep space exploration technology.Methods The study investigates the collision spectral properties of a metal alloy consisting of Al and a small amount of W hitting a steel plate by means of a high-speed metallic material collision experiment.The experiment was conducted by laser targeting to focus the telescopic fiber-coupled lens on the surface of the steel plate and to collect the collision spectra within a spatial radius of 0.3 m,as shown in Fig.2.The flight speed of metal materials is measured by broken-target velocimeter.The experiment sets the integration time of the spectrometer to 50μs and collects it continuously for 10 times,in order to ensure that the integration time can contain the moment of impact flash,the delayed triggering function of the broken-target velocimeter is used to realize the delayed triggering of the spectrometer.Results and Discussions Figure 3 shows that at the beginning of the collision,the collision core area has the strongest brightness,and then high-temperature thermal radiation occurs and rapidly spreads to the entire target surface.From the high-speed photographic data and spectral data,it can be inferred that at the moment of the first effective spectral acquisition,the metal material begins to collide with the steel plate and disintegrate,and the temperature begins to gradually inc

关 键 词：深空探测 碰撞闪光 光谱特性 材料分析 

分 类 号：O433.4[机械工程—光学工程]