北京市密云区2020年秋季学期流行季学校和幼儿园诺如病毒急性胃肠炎感染情况的估算  

Estimation of norovirus acute gastroenteritis infection in schools and kindergartens during the epidemic season of the fall semester of 2020 in Miyun district,Beijing

作　　者：王娅琼 王化勇 贾丽丽 郑兰紫 王宇 王小莉[2] 高志勇[2] 刘白薇[2] WANG Yaqiong;WANG Huayong;JIA Lili;ZHENG Lanzi;WANG Yu;WANG Xiaoli;GAO Zhiyong;LIU Baiwei(Miyun District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 101500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市密云区疾病预防控制中心,101500 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2024年第6期348-351,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

基　　金：高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目培养计划(编号:学科骨干-01-019)。

摘　　要：目的根据北京市密云区学校和幼儿园急性胃肠炎病例监测及检测情况,估算密云区2020年秋季学期流行季学校和幼儿园中诺如病毒感染情况,了解2019年新型冠状病毒出现后的流行季诺如病毒急性胃肠炎在密云区的流行病学负担。方法采用横断面调查的方法,采集2020年11月18日—2021年1月17日密云区中小学校和幼儿园所有出现急性胃肠炎症状的人员肛拭子/便样本,进行诺如病毒核酸检测,应用乘法模型估计学校和幼儿园学生中2020年秋季学期流行季诺如病毒的实际感染人数和感染率。结果密云区92.96%的学校和幼儿园报告急性胃肠炎病例。幼儿园、小学和中学急性胃肠炎病例诺如病毒检测阳性率分别为15.88%、12.54%和6.81%,幼儿园和小学急性胃肠炎病例诺如病毒检测阳性率高于中学(χ^(2)=28.064,P<0.001)。乘法模型估算密云区2020年秋季学期流行季诺如病毒感染人数为843人,感染率为15.62/千人,估算的诺如病毒感染人数约为实际报告人数的2.48倍。结论幼儿园和小学是诺如病毒急性胃肠炎病例的高发场所,诺如病毒感染率高,疾病负担严重,需严格开展学校和幼儿园内的人群健康监测,严格落实急性胃肠炎病例的隔离消毒等管理措施。Objective Based on the surveillance and detection of acute gastroenteritis cases in schools and kindergartens in Miyun district,Beijing,this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of norovirus infections in these institutions during the autumn term of 2020,and to understand the epidemiological burden of norovirus-related acute gastroenteritis in Miyun district following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods From November 18,2020 to January 17,2021,a crosssectional study was conducted to gather specimens from all reported cases of acute gastroenteritis in schools and kindergartens,and then detected the norovirus nucleic acid.The multiplication model was used to estimate the actual number of infected people in the fall semester of 2020 of schools and kindergarten.Results A total of 92.96%of the schools and kindergartens in Miyun district reported cases of acute gastroenteritis.The positive rates of norovirus in cases of acute gastroenteritis in kindergarten,primary school and middle school were 15.88%,12.54%and 6.81%,respectively.The positive rate of norovirus in kindergarten and primary school cases was higher than that in middle school(χ^(2)=28.064,P<0.001).The multiplication model estimated that the number of norovirus infections in the epidemic season of the fall semester of 2020 in Miyun district was 843,with an infection rate of 15.62 per 1000 people.The estimated number of norovirus infections was about 2.48 times the number of reported cases.Conclusions Kindergarten and primary school are high-risk places for acute gastroenteritis cases caused by norovirus,with a high infection rate and a substantial disease burden.It is essential to conduct strict health monitoring within schools and kindergartens,and to enforce strict isolation and disinfection measures for acute gastroenteritis cases.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 急性胃肠炎 学校和幼儿园 乘法模型 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]