2022—2024年流感流行季北京市房山区中小学生流感疫苗接种效果评价  

Effectiveness evaluation of influenza vaccine among primary and secondary school students during 2022-2024 influenza season in Fangshan district of Beijing

作　　者：魏柯雯 刘海鹏 赵耀 马仲慧 于海柱[1] 李丽丽[1] WEI Kewen;LIU Haipeng;ZHAO Yao;MA Zhonghui;YU Haizhu;LI Lili(Fangshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心,102488 [2]首都医科大学燕京医学院

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2024年第6期352-355,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(编号:首发2022-1G-3014)。

摘　　要：目的评价2022—2024年流感流行季北京市房山区中小学生免费接种当季流感疫苗的保护效果,为优化流感防控策略提供科学依据。方法基于2022年11月—2024年4月两个流感流行季在北京市房山区哨点医院就诊的中小学生,开展检测阴性设计1∶1配对的病例对照研究,将流感核酸阳性病例作为病例组,流感核酸阴性病例作为对照组,按照年龄和发病日期进行匹配,使用条件logistic回归分析计算调整前后流感疫苗保护效果。结果纳入病例对照研究的共272例,疫苗接种率为34.19%。流感病例更容易出现咳嗽(OR=4.107,95%CI:1.878~8.979,P<0.001);调整前疫苗保护效果为53.41%(95%CI:22.21%~72.21%),调整后疫苗保护效果为59.80%(95%CI:22.71%~77.71%)。结论房山区中小学生接种流感疫苗保护效果较好,建议中小学学生接种当季流感疫苗,提高接种率,减少流感带来的疾病负担。Objective To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of influenza vaccine for primary and secondary school students in Fangshan district of Beijing during the 2022-2024 influenza season,and to provide scientific basis for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategy.Methods Among primary and secondary school students who were treated in sentinel hospitals in Fangshan district of Beijing from November 2022 to April 2024,a test-negative case-control study was conducted.Influenza nucleic acid positive cases were enrolled into case group,influenza nucleic acid negative cases as control group,age and date of onset were used as matching factors.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate influenza vaccine protection before and after adjustment.Results A total of 272 cases were included in the case-control study,and the vaccination rate was 34.19%.Influenza cases were more likely to have cough(OR=4.107,95%CI:1.878-8.979,P<0.001).The pre-adjustment vaccine effectiveness was 53.41%(95%CI:22.21%-72.21%)and the post-adjustment vaccine effectiveness was 59.80%(95%CI:22.71%-77.71%).Conclusions The vaccine effectiveness is good for primary and secondary school students.It is recommended that primary and secondary school students receive influenza vaccine in season to improve the vaccination rate and reduce the disease burden caused by influenza.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 中小学生 保护效果 检测阴性设计 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]