热力耦合作用下高速列车橡胶球铰疲劳耐久性评估方法  

Fatigue durability analysis methodology of rubber spherical hinges in high-speed trains under thermal-mechanical coupling

作　　者：公衍军 熊伟 由天宇 尹盛文 王中钢[2] GONG Yanjun;XIONG Wei;YOU Tianyu;YIN Shengwen;WANG Zhonggang(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2025年第1期66-76,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300100);湖南省科技领军人才项目(2023RC1011)。

摘　　要：为进一步提升高速列车转向架关键橡胶节点在运行工况下的疲劳耐久性分析精度,对橡胶球铰在热力耦合作用下的疲劳耐久性进行研究。以某型号高速列车转向架橡胶球铰为对象,采用多体动力学方法建立高速列车车辆动力学模型,提取转向架转臂橡胶球铰在列车不同运行速度条件下的载荷历程数据,并施加于橡胶球铰有限元模型的载荷边界,分析橡胶球铰在列车运行载荷历程下的应力-应变场及其变化规律。基于Fortran语言编写程序计算橡胶球铰生热率,赋予各个橡胶单元,设定热边界及载荷条件。采用热力耦合方法计算橡胶球铰的温度场与热耦合应力-应变场,并在热力耦合作用下分析橡胶球铰的疲劳耐久性。结果表明:随着列车运行速度增加,轮轨间冲击激扰作用增强,转向架部位橡胶球铰交变载荷频率加快,有效载荷增大,进而导致橡胶球铰结构应力相应增大;考虑热力耦合作用时,橡胶材料的动态黏弹性在交变载荷激励下的阻尼引起橡胶生热并随列车运行速度提高而逐步增加,橡胶球铰温升导致热应力增加,疲劳耐久性显著降低;在列车运行时速400km/h、环境温度25℃时,橡胶球铰最高温度为43.14℃,对比同等条件下未考虑热力耦合作用的橡胶球铰,最大应力增大22.80%,疲劳寿命下降39.11%。研究结果为进一步提高列车转向架橡胶球铰疲劳耐久性的预测精度提供了方法与参考。To improve the accuracy of fatigue durability analysis for key rubber components in high-speed train bogies under operational conditions,a study on the fatigue durability of rubber spherical hinges under thermal-mechanical coupling was conducted.Focusing on a specific model of high-speed train bogie,a high-speed train vehicle dynamics model was established by using the multi-body dynamics method.The load history data of the rubber spherical hinge of the bogie arm at various driving speed were extracted,and these data were applied to the load boundary of the finite element model of the rubber spherical hinge to analyze the stress-strain field and its variation under the train operating load history.A program in Fortran language to calculate the heat generation rate of the rubber spherical hinge was developed,assigned it to each rubber element,and set the thermal boundary and load conditions.Using thermal-mechanical coupling methods,the temperature field and thermal-coupled stress-strain field of the rubber spherical hinge were computed,and analyzed its fatigue durability under these conditions.The results indicate that as the operating speed of the high-speed train increases,the impact disturbances between the wheel and rail intensify,leading to higher alternating load frequencies and effective loads on the bogie rubber spherical hinge,which results in increasing the structural stress.When considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect,the dynamic viscoelasticity of the rubber material under an alternating load excitation causes the heat generation that escalates with increasing train speed,which raises the temperature of the rubber spherical hinge,increases the thermal stress,and significantly reduces the fatigue durability.At a train speed of 400 km/h and an ambient temperature of 25℃,the maximum temperature of the rubber spherical hinge reached 43.14℃.Comparing with the rubber spherical hinge under the same conditions without considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect,the maximum stress of the o

关 键 词：橡胶球铰 热力耦合 温度场分析 疲劳耐久性 转向架 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]