突发灾害下考虑地铁网络脆弱性的应急资源调度方法  

Emergency resource dispatch method considering subway network vulnerability under sudden disasters

作　　者：李林超 魏璞瑄 杜博文 LI Linchao;WEI Puxuan;DU Bowen(School Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;School of Transportation Science and Engineering BUAA,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学土木与交通工程学院,广东深圳518060 [2]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2025年第1期102-112,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52202402)。

摘　　要：为合理高效地分配应急物资,兼顾应急物资运输成本和运输时间,确保在突发灾害发生初期能迅速、有效地响应,以深圳市城市轨道交通网络为例,针对突发灾害下站点可能被破坏从而影响整体网络运行的情况,考虑轨道交通网络的脆弱性,采用基于集体影响力的关键节点识别方法,对深圳市城市轨道交通网络各个站点进行优先权排序,将其作为优先权系数考虑到优化模型中,进而建立一个以最短应急调度时间、最小应急调度成本和最小惩罚成本为目标的多目标应急资源调度优化模型。采用遗传算法对模型求解,确立有效的应急资源调度策略,旨在最大化应急响应效率并保证高优先级的资源供应。通过对比验证深圳市和上海市的城市轨道交通网络算例,结果表明所提出的多目标优化模型不仅考虑了轨道交通网络的脆弱性,还能够有效平衡应急物资分配的成本和效率,特别是在物资供应不足的情况下,能优先满足关键节点的需求,显著降低城市轨道交通网络受到突发事件冲击而受到影响的风险,有效保障整体网络的稳定运行。研究结果识别出容易被忽略但对整体网络至关重要的弱连接站点,同时为城市轨道交通系统在突发灾害情况下的应急资源调度提供了参考,有助于提高城市应对突发灾害的整体能力和效率。To allocate emergency resources rationally and efficiently,considering both transportation costs and time,and ensuring rapid and effective response during the initial stages of disasters,this study used the urban rail transit network of Shenzhen as a case study.Addressing the vulnerability of transit networks to disruptions caused by disasters,a method based on collective influence was employed to identify critical nodes in the Shenzhen urban rail transit network and prioritize them using weighting coefficients in an optimization model.A multi-objective emergency resource allocation optimization model was established to minimize emergency dispatch time,costs,and penalties.Genetic algorithms were employed to solve the model,establishing effective emergency resource allocation strategies aimed at maximizing response efficiency and ensuring supply of high-priority resources.Comparing and validating the urban rail transit network examples of Shenzhen and Shanghai,the results show that the proposed model can effectively balance the cost and efficiency of emergency resource allocation.It can particularly ensure prioritized supply to critical nodes under inadequate resource conditions.This significantly reduces the risk of the urban rail transportation network being affected by the impact of emergencies,and effectively guarantees the stable operation of the overall network.The study can identify crucial but often overlooked weak-link stations critical to the network’s overall stability,offering insights for emergency resource allocation in urban rail transit systems during crises.This research can contribute to enhancing overall urban resilience and efficiency in responding to emergencies.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 网络脆弱性 应急资源调度 多目标优化模型 集体影响力 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]