资本的二重性与耐心资本的发展进路——基于马克思主义政治经济学的视角  

The Duality of Capital and the Development Path of Patient Capital——From the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

作　　者：陈绍辉 孙熙国[1] Chen Shaohui;Sun Xiguo

机构地区：[1]北京大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院

出　　处：《经济学家》2025年第1期36-45,共10页Economist

基　　金：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心项目“中国式现代化创造人类文明新形态的内在逻辑研究”(23LLMLC093)。

摘　　要：马克思主义政治经济学认为,资本在促进生产力发展、创造就业机会、推动经济增长与社会进步等方面发挥了积极作用,但同时也带来了经济危机与不稳定、社会不平等与贫富分化、环境破坏与资源浪费等负面问题。耐心资本作为一种新兴的资本形式,是对传统资本的扬弃,克服传统资本短期逐利与高风险偏好,融合社会进步和环境价值,具有长期投资导向、注重社会效益与可持续发展、风险承受能力与稳定性、参与性与合作性等特征,对于促进经济的高质量发展、缓解社会不平等与贫富分化、推动金融体系的稳定与创新具有重要意义。在加快形成新质生产力的新征程上,需要坚持以人民为中心的发展理念,发挥政府与市场合力,政府监管资本、引导流向,优化政策鼓励耐心资本投入重点领域;以制度建设为牵引,完善风险管理与评估体系,不断壮大耐心资本,引导和规范资本健康发展,助力新征程上经济发展行稳致远。Marxist political economy holds that capital has played a positive role in promoting productivity development,creating employment opportunities,driving economic growth and social progress,but at the same time,it has also brought negative problems such as economic crisis and instability,social inequality and wealth inequality,environmental damage and resource waste.Patient capital,as an emerging form of capital,is an abandonment of traditional capital,overcoming its short-term profit seeking and high-risk preferences,integrating social progress and environmental value,with long-term investment orientation,emphasis on social benefits and sustainable development,risk tolerance and stability,participation and cooperation,and other characteristics.It is of great significance for promoting sustainable economic development,alleviating social inequality and wealth inequality,and promoting stability and innovation in the financial system.On the new journey of accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces,it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development concept,leverage the joint efforts of the government and the market,regulate capital and guide its flow,and optimize policies to encourage patient capital investment in key areas.It is necessary to take institutional construction as the driving force,improve the risk management and evaluation system,continuously strengthen patient capital,and guide and regulate the healthy development of capital,so as to help stabilize economic development on the new journey.

关 键 词：耐心资本 政治经济学 新质生产力 资本的二重性 

分 类 号：F014.39[经济管理—政治经济学]