从“机器榨取”到“智能掠夺”:人工智能背景下资本积累的新变化  

From"Machine Extraction"to"Intelligent Plunder":New Changes in Capital Accumulation Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：董超 Dong Chao

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)经济学教研部

出　　处：《经济学家》2025年第1期66-74,共9页Economist

摘　　要：资本积累是资本追求无限剩余价值的必然要求。马克思基于工业经济的时代背景分析了资本积累的“机器榨取”模式及其一般规律。而人工智能时代以“智能掠夺”为形式的资本积累既未脱离资本追求价值增殖的本性,又呈现出与机器大工业时代不同的新特征。基于马克思资本积累理论的基本框架发现,人工智能背景下的资本积累在运行过程上实现了生产过程上的智能化转型和实现机制中的剥夺性转变,在实施手段上促进了积累强度的提高和领域的扩展,并最终深化了经济社会的多重矛盾。要科学把握人工智能时代资本积累的两重性特点,使数字智能技术在推动财富增长的同时,也促进生产关系的完善与人的全面发展。Capital Accumulation is an inevitable requirement for capital to pursue infinite surplus value.Marx analyzed the"machine extraction"mode of capital accumulation and its general laws based on the background of industrial economy.In the era of artificial intelligence,the accumulation of capital in the form of"intelligent plunder"is neither detached from the nature of capital pursuing value appreciation,nor presents new characteristics different from the era of machine industrialization.Based on the basic framework of Marx's theory of capital accumulation,it is found that capital accumulation under the background of artificial intelligence has achieved intelligent transformation in the production process and deprivation transformation in the implementation mechanism.In terms of implementation methods,it has promoted the increase of accumulation intensity and the expansion of fields,and ultimately deepened multiple contradictions in the economy and society.We need to scientifically grasp the dual nature of capital accumulation in the era of artificial intelligence,so that digital intelligence technology can promote wealth growth while also promoting the improvement of production relations and the comprehensive development of people.

关 键 词：资本积累 人工智能 智能算法 智能平台 剩余价值 

分 类 号：F034[经济管理—政治经济学]