瑕疵履行之补正履行请求权的行使及其限制  

The Fulfillment and Restrictions on the Right to Claim the Correction of Defective Performance

作　　者：邢焱鹏 XING Yanpeng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2025年第1期61-86,共26页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国民法典实施中的重大疑难问题研究”(项目批准号:23&ZD152)。

摘　　要：补正履行请求权是原履行请求权的继续,性质上属于原给付请求权。在私法史和法律继受中,补正履行请求权经历了从“不被承认”到“普遍被承认”两个阶段。我国《民法典》第582条将瑕疵担保责任统合入违约责任,补正履行请求权制度基础是无瑕疵之物的履行请求权,出卖人给付之标的物有瑕疵,买受人得请求补正。我国补正履行选择权采“债权人选择权模式”,补正履行选择权之性质采“选择之债说”。补正履行方式的选择权之行使应在合理范围内,以自由为原则、顺位为例外,且该例外应由特别法予以规定。在所选择的给付未实际履行前,买受人原则上有变更权,但须兼顾出卖人利益。当给付不能时,给付义务被排除,如果某种补正履行方式构成不能,则据此排除给付义务,如果两种补正方式均为不可能,则补正履行请求权全部被排除。补正履行的履行费用过高的抗辩权,包括相对费用过高和绝对费用过高。瑕疵给付系不符合债务本旨,买受人可请求补正履行,在出卖人补正前,买受人可以行使同时抗辩权,拒绝支付价金,但第525条的同时履行抗辩权应与违约严重程度或诸种救济方式相关联。The right to supplement performance request is the continuation of the original performance request right and belongs to the original claim right in nature.In the history of private law and legal reception,the right to claim supplementary performance has transitioned from a stage of non-recognition to one of widespread recognition.Article 582 of the Civil Code of China integrates the liability of guarantee for defects into the liability for breach of contract.The basis of the right to correct performance request system is the right to claim performance of non-defective objects.If the subject matter paid by the seller is defective,the buyer may request corrections.China adopts the creditor option model for the option of supplementary performance,and the nature of the option of supplementary performance adopts the debt of choice.The exercise of the right to choose the method of supplementary performance shall be within a reasonable scope,based on the principle of freedom,with an exception in order,and the exception shall be provided for by a special law.Before the selected payment is actually performed,the buyer has the right to change in principle,but the interests of the seller must be taken into consideration.When the payment is not possible,the payment obligation is excluded.If a certain supplementary performance method constitutes an inability,the payment obligation is excluded accordingly.If the two supplementary methods are both impossible,the right to request the supplementary performance is completely excluded.The right of defense that the performance cost is too high to supplement and correct the performance,including the relative cost is too high and the absolute cost is too high.The payment for defects does not conform to the purpose of the debt.The buyer can request corrections and performance.Before the seller makes corrections,the buyer can exercise the right of simultaneous defense and refuse to pay the price.However,the right of simultaneous performance defense in Article 525 shall be based on the

关 键 词：瑕疵履行 补正履行请求权 选择权 选择之债 同时履行抗辩权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]