大数据侦查中个人信息保护的困境及其破解  

The Dilemma of Personal Information Protection in Big Data Investigations and Its Solutions

作　　者：詹建红[1] 侯刘果 ZHAN Jianhong;HOU Liuguo

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2025年第1期140-158,共19页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“大数据侦查的程序性控制研究”(项目批准号:22YJA820031);2024年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“人工智能融入未成年人检察工作的实现路径研究”(项目批准号:GJ2024D74)。

摘　　要：在大数据技术的加持之下,侦查过程中的数据采集、网络监控等活动不可避免地扩张了个人信息被滥用的风险。在大数据侦查与个人信息保护之间,既存在实然抵牾的表层困境,又存在零和博弈的深层困境。这种困境是多种因素综合作用的结果,反映出现有法律对大数据侦查的控制和制约乏力,且缺失对个人信息的保障和救济机制。对此,基于“现实合理性”的考量,应当选择将个人信息权的引入作为改革远景、风险规制作为制度近景的破解思路,明确大数据侦查与个人信息保护的正和博弈关系理念,遵循比例原则、程序法定原则、合法利益豁免原则,通过明确大数据侦查的程序性规范、发挥数字检察的能动监督效能、落实与个人信息保护相关的程序性权利、增强控制主体间的知识协同等措施进行规制,以形成大数据侦查中个人信息保护的制度体系。With the support of big data technology,data collection,network monitoring and other activities in the investigation process inevitably expand the risk of personal information being abused.Between big data investigation and personal information protection,there exists both a superficial dilemma of actual contradiction and a deep dilemma of zero-sum game.This dilemma is the result of a combination of factors,reflecting the lack of control and constraints of existing laws on big data investigation,and the lack of protection and relief mechanisms for personal information.In this regard,based on the consideration of“realistic reasonableness”,the introduction of the right to personal information should be chosen as the long-term plan of reform,and risk regulation as the near future of the system to solve the problem,to clarify the concept of positive-sum game relationship between big data investigation and personal information protection,to follow the principle of proportionality,the principle of procedural legality,and the principle of exemption of legitimate interests,and through clarifying procedural norms for big data investigations,utilising the dynamic supervisory effectiveness of digital prosecution,implementing procedural rights related to the protection of personal information,and enhancing knowledge synergy between controlling subjects,in order to form an institutional system for the protection of personal information in big data investigations.

关 键 词：大数据侦查 个人信息保护 权力控制 风险规制 权利保障 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]