介词“依据”与“依照”的语义选择和叙实功能辨析  

Semantic selections and factivity functions of prepositions yiju and yizhao

作　　者：钱坤[1] QIAN Kun

机构地区：[1]江苏大学文学院,212013

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2025年第1期88-98,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“汉语主观介词语义建构和情态验证研究”(编号:22YJC740062);江苏省社会科学基金项目“现代汉语凭事介词语义界定提取和验证阐释研究”(编号:22YYB003);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“面向国际中文教育的汉语语义体系研究”(编号:2022SJYB2216)资助。

摘　　要：从性质范畴看,“依据”和“依照”分别选择“有效性”和“权威性”宾语;从数量范畴看,它们的宾语均受空间“广泛性”和时间“积淀性”定语修饰,但“依据”宾语受修饰的情形更常见;从关系范畴看,“依据”句和“依照”句主谓关系松散,提示它们除可用于记述动作及结果,还可用于陈述说话人观点,即都能在直陈世界外新打开一个可能世界,由此引出叙实性问题;从模态范畴看,“依据”句命题真值可通达直陈世界或在直陈世界有合理性,“依据”属叙实介词,“依照”句命题真值不可通达或没有合理性,“依照”属非叙实介词。综上,叙实能力可作为刻画和辨析近义介词的有效手段,有望成为虚词语义研究新的探索方向。This study proposes that,from the perspective of nature category,yiju(依据)and yizhao(依照)choose the objects with“validity”and“authority”flavors respectively.In terms of quantitative category,their objects are both modified by“extensive”and“cumulative”attributives,and the circumstances in which the object of yiju are more widely observed.From the perspective of the relational category,the relationship between the subject of the yiju/yizhao sentences and their predicates seems loose.This suggests that they can not only describe actions and results,but also state the speaker's opinion,that is,they can access a new possible world outside the speaker's discourse world(i.e.the indictive world),and subsequently lead to the issue of factivity.From the perspective of modal category,the truth value of yiju proposition can reach or be reasonable in the indictive world,so it is a factive preposition,while the truth value of yizhao proposition cannot reach or be reasonable,so it is a non-factive preposition.In summary,the factivity can be used as an effective means to finely describe and effectively distinguish synonymous prepositions,and it is expected to become a new direction for the study of function word semantics.

关 键 词：“依据” “依照” 语义选择 叙实功能 叙实介词 非叙实介词 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]