也谈怎样做好汉外语言的比较  

On Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Languages

作　　者：沈家煊[1] SHEN Jiaxuan(Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京市100732

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2025年第1期3-15,共13页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：语言研究是语言的比较研究,笔者从英汉比较的经验谈做好汉外语言比较的体会。眼界要开阔,观察要敏锐;要知其然还要知其所以然;要融会贯通,把握整体;要有问题意识和反思精神。方法论上要崇简尚雅和分别主次,不要把有待发现的东西当作发现它的准则,被名称牵着鼻子走。总之要做双向的比较,不做单向的比附。Language study is basically the comparative study of language. This study discusses the method of conducting comparative study of Chinese and foreign languages based on the author's experience in Chinese-English comparison. To gain a thorough understanding of the subject, it is important to broaden the field of vision and sharpen our sensitivity to language phenomena, maintain problem awareness and a reflexive spirit, and master all relevant materials to understand not only “what” but also “why.” In methodology, sticking to the Principle of Simplicity and making a clear primary-secondary division is essential;such an approach will guard against basing our account of language on a priori categories and being distracted by names and neglecting facts. In summary, the job of the research is comparison rather than analogy.

关 键 词：比较 比附 问题意识 崇简尚雅 分别主次 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]