常温有氧低基质下厌氧氨氧化二次启动及脱氮效能  

Secondary Start-up and Nitrogen Removal Performance of Anammox under Room Temperature,Aerobic,and Low Concentration Substrate Conditions

作　　者：雷雪艳 朱易春[1,2] 张超 杨杰源[1] 郝宛婷 吕桥岩 陈闽茜 宋贤威 LEI Xue-yan;ZHU Yi-chun;ZHANG Chao;YANG Jie-yuan;HAO Wan-ting;LÜQiao-yan;CHEN Min-xi;SONG Xian-wei(School of Civil Engineering and Surveying&Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Ecological Conservation in Headwater Regions,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,江西赣州341000 [2]河流源头水生态保护江西省重点实验室,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第1期16-24,共9页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52260004);江西省教育厅科技研究项目(GJJ210874);江西理工大学高层次人才科研启动项目(205200100642);江西理工大学研究生创新专项资金资助项目(XY2023-S116)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化是当前最经济有效的生物脱氮工艺,但生活污水的温度和氮浓度都较低,并含有一定的溶解氧(DO),且厌氧氨氧化接种污泥稀少、难以大量获取,这些都限制了其在生活污水处理中的应用。为此,探究了常温有氧低基质下厌氧氨氧化二次启动的可行性,并对其脱氮效能进行了评价。结果显示,当进水DO为4.20~7.50 mg/L、氨氮为27.13~35.64 mg/L、亚硝态氮为36.35~44.80 mg/L、温度为20.8~31.8℃时,运行79 d后氨氮、亚硝态氮和总氮去除率分别达到92.63%、81.61%和68.41%,ΔNO_(2)^(-)-N/ΔNH_(4)^(+)-N接近厌氧氨氧化脱氮的理论值1.32,表明厌氧氨氧化二次启动成功;出水DO浓度降低,ΔNO_(3)^(-)-N/ΔNH_(4)^(+)-N高于理论值,系统中存在一定的硝化作用;污泥沉降性能良好,颜色由红褐色和灰黑色变为褐色;污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)以紧密结合型为主,且多糖含量大于蛋白质含量,污泥表面官能团中的羟基和氨基等亲水官能团较多,使污泥粒径维持在适宜范围内,有利于抵御外界不利因素对厌氧氨氧化菌的损害。高通量测序结果表明,Candidatus_Anammoxoglobus和Candidatus_Kuenenia的相对丰度分别为16.39%和3.43%,它们与其他脱氮菌属共同作用,实现了系统高效、稳定的脱氮效能。Anammox is currently the most economical and efficient biological nitrogen removal process.However,the temperature and nitrogen concentration of domestic sewage are low,and it contains a certain amount of dissolved oxygen(DO).Moreover,the seed sludge of Anammox is scarce and difficult to obtain in large quantities,which limits its application in domestic sewage treatment.Hence,the feasibility of the secondary start-up of Anammox under room temperature,aerobic and low concentration substrate conditions was explored,and the nitrogen removal efficiency was evaluated.When the influent DO was 4.20-7.50 mg/L,ammonia nitrogen was 27.13-35.64 mg/L,nitrite nitrogen was 36.35-44.80 mg/L,and the temperature was 20.8-31.8℃,the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,and total nitrogen reached 92.63%,81.61%,and 68.41% respectively after 79 days of operation.The ratio of ΔNO_(2)^(-)-N/ΔNH_(4)^(+)-N was close to the theoretical value of 1.32,indicating the successful secondary start-up of Anammox.The DO in the effluent declined,ΔNO_(3)^(-)-N/ΔNH_(4)^(+)-N was higher than the theoretical value,indicating nitrification took place within the system.The sludge possessed excellent settling performance and its color transformed from reddish brown and grayish black to brown.The extracellular polymeric substances of sludge was mainly tightly bounded,and the content of polysaccharides was higher than that of proteins.There were many hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of the sludge,enabling the sludge particle size to be maintained within an appropriate range,which was beneficial for resisting the damage of external adverse factors to Anammox bacteria.High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the relative abundances of Candidatus_Anammoxoglobus and Candidatus_Kuenenia were 16.39% and 3.43%,and they interacted with other nitrogen-removal bacteria to achieve an efficient and stable nitrogen removal efficiency.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 二次启动 常温 有氧 低基质 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]