水质净化厂中淡水壳菜控制措施及对脱氮的影响  

Control Measures for Limnoperna fortunei in a Water Purification Plant and Its Influence on Nitrogen Removal

作　　者：左世昌 余军 ZUO Shi-chang;YU Jun(Central&Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司,湖北武汉430014

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第1期71-77,共7页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：针对南方某特大水质净化厂膜生物反应池填料中出现的淡水壳菜滋生问题,开发了基于管道致紊产生超声空化作用杀灭淡水壳菜的方法,其原理为利用在空化泡溃灭瞬间形成局部的极端高温和高压,并伴有强烈的冲击波和微射流对淡水壳菜的细胞造成破坏进而导致其死亡。同时,采用中试系统地探究了5种杀灭措施对淡水壳菜的处理效果。结果表明,空化超声方法中在水流速为238 mm/s的运行模式下,淡水壳菜的致死率可达85%,半数致死时间(LT50)为5 d。微生物群落结构分析表明,经过这5种杀灭方式处理后,填料中的优势菌属均为Nitrospira,相对丰度为7.91%~36.71%,对脱氮相关菌属没有造成显著的负面影响。A method based on ultrasonic cavitation resulting from pipeline turbulence was developed to eliminate Limnoperna fortunei to solve its breeding in the membrane bioreactor of a large water purification plant in southern China.The principle lies in the utilization of the local extremely high temperature and high pressure formed at the moment of cavitation bubble collapse,accompanied by a strong shock wave and microjet,to damage the cells of Limnoperna fortunei and cause its death.Meanwhile,the treatment efficacy of five kinds of extermination measures on Limnoperna fortunei was systematically investigated.Under the operation mode of the ultrasonic cavitation method with a water flow rate of 238 mm/s,the mortality rate of Limnoperna fortunei could reach as high as 85%,and the half lethal time(LT50)was 5 days.The microbial community structure indicated that the dominant bacteria in the carriers were all Nitrospira,with a relative abundance ranging from 7.91% to 36.71% after the application of the five extermination methods,and there was no significant negative influence on the nitrogen removal related bacterial genera.

关 键 词：淡水壳菜 水质净化厂 脱氮 超声空化 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]