物债二分体系下本土实践的理论塑造  

Theoretical Shaping of Indigenous Practices under the System of Separating Real Rights and Debt

作　　者：叶金强[1] YE Jinqiang(Nanjing University Law School)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2025年第1期13-26,190,191,共16页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金年度项目“民法典动产担保交易规则的规范构造与解释适用研究”(22BFX071)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：物债二分源于社会生活中关系类型之区分,在其辐射领域内具有高度的正当性。我国民法继受了德国法上的物债二分体系,但也出现了一些对物债二分体系可能形成冲击的本土实践。对于这些可能的冲击,可通过教义学的工作导出与既有体系相容的解释。我国立法实践形成了公示对抗主义和公示生效主义的二元构造。公示对抗主义之下,未公示已变动物权仍然是完整物权,其与公示生效主义下虚假外观场合形成的法律状态基本一致。未公示“不得对抗善意第三人”规则,在信赖原理的指引下可获得相对简明的结构。特定不动产买受人享有的被强化的权利,属于物权化了的债权。这样,物权概念保持统一的同时,与不动产物权变动登记生效主义也不发生冲突。The dichotomy of real rights and debt originates from the distinction of the types of relationship in social life,and has a high degree of legitimacy in the field within its radiation.China's civil law has inherited the system of Separating Real Rights and Debt from German law,but there are some local practices that may exert an impact on the system of bifurcation of real rights and debt.For these possible impacts,an explanation compatible with the established system can be derived through doctrinal work.Under the registration confrontation doctrine,undisclosed changed real rights are still complete real rights,which is basically the same as the legal status formed in the false appearance situation under the effective publicity system.The undisclosed‘not opposable to bona fide third parties'rule can be given a relatively concise structure guided by the principle of reliance.The enhanced rights enjoyed by the buyer of a particular immovable property are real rights.In this way,the concept of real rights remains uniform while not conflicting with the registration confrontation doctrine.

关 键 词：物债二分体系 公示对抗主义 公示生效主义 事实物权 债权物权化 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]