从网络、个人信息到人工智能:数字时代的侵权法转型  

From the Internet,Personal Information to Artificial Intelligence:the Transforming of Tort Law in Digital Age

作　　者：丁晓东[1] Ding Xiaodong(Renmin University Law School)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2025年第1期40-54,191,192,共17页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代中国数字法学基本范畴体系研究”(23&ZD154)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：数字时代,网络侵权、个人信息侵权以及人工智能侵权等新型侵权形式涌现,对传统侵权法的损害认定、过错判断、因果关系分析、救济措施应对提出挑战。传统侵权法植根于传统观念社会,以不具外溢性的小范围故意侵害行为为典型场景。数字时代的新型侵权则表现出大规模微型侵权、大规模汇聚型侵权、大规模治理型侵权、风险侵权等特征。数字时代的侵权法应进行转型升级与发挥其公法治理功能:从主观过错与因果关系判断转向责任分配分析,从损害填补转向合理威慑预防,从个体救济迈向群体福利保护,在此基础上建构具体制度。侵权法的公法治理功能可能面临外部与内部批评,但相关批评均可反驳。我国《民法典》侵权责任编同时包含传统与现代侵权法,应注重其双重结构,强化对现代侵权法公法治理功能的理解与适用。In the digital age,new forms of infringement such as internet infringement,personal information infringement and artificial intelligence infringement have emerged,which challenge the traditional tort law's determination of damage,fault judgment,causality analysis and relief measures.The root cause of these challenges lies in the fact that traditional tort law is rooted in a society with traditional concepts and takes intentional infringement without spillover as a typical scene,while the new infringement in the digital era shows characters such as large-scale micro-infringement,large-scale convergent infringement and governance infringement,which has both private law elements and public law elements.In the digital age,tort law should focus on shifting from subjective fault and causality judgment to responsibility distribution,from damage compensation to reasonable deterrence and prevention.From individual relief to group welfare protection,on this basis,the specific tort law institution of network platform,personal information and artificial intelligence infringement is constructed.The governance function of tort law may face external and internal criticism,but the relevant criticism can be refuted.The tort liability of China's Civil Code includes both traditional and modern tort law,so we should pay attention to its dual structure and strengthen the understanding and application of the governance function of modern tort law.

关 键 词：网络侵权 个人信息侵权 人工智能侵权 《民法典》 治理功能 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]