高透明光散射生物可降解全纤维素复合薄膜的制备  

Fabrication of Highly Transparent Light Scattering Biodegradable All-cellulose Composite Films

作　　者：郭建荣 张书玉 贺军辉[1] 任世学[2] GUO Jian-rong;ZHANG Shu-yu;HE Jun-hui;REN Shi-xue(Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100190 [2]东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《高分子通报》2025年第1期90-99,共10页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划前沿科技创新专项(项目号2019QY(Y)0503);中国博士后基金(基金号2023M733586).

摘　　要：化石基塑料所消耗的能源及其不可降解性带来的环境问题,是当今社会面临的重要挑战之一。纤维素是一种绿色且可再生的天然聚合物,具有替代化石基塑料的巨大潜力。本研究基于废弃秸秆提纯得到的纤维素微纤维和纤维素衍生物羧甲基纤维素,采用简单的组装交联法制备了一种具有高透光、光散射和优异热稳定性的全纤维素复合可降解薄膜。小尺寸的羧甲基纤维素填充微纤维薄膜的孔隙,赋予复合薄膜出色的透光率(85%)和高散射特征,通过酯基实现交联反应,使复合薄膜具备优异的机械性能(拉伸强度52.1 MPa、杨氏模量3.43 GPa)与热稳定性。此外,经过简单的硅烷化修饰,复合薄膜的疏水性(水接触角为119°)、阻隔性能(3.02 g/(cm^(2)·day))以及自熄性显著提升,远优于传统市面上的石油基塑料。因此,通过简单地复合纤维素基材料,可以为高性能生物可降解材料提供一种低成本、可扩展且绿色可持续的途径。The energy consumption associated with fossil-based plastics and the environmental pollution arising from their non-degradability pose significant challenges.The green and renewable natural polymer cellulose exhibits significant potential for substituting fossil-based plastics.The present study demonstrates a fabrication method of a cellulose-based composite degradable film with exceptional transparency,high scattering,and excellent thermal stability through straightforward assembly and crosslinking of cellulose microfibers and carboxymethyl cellulose,both derived from waste straws.By incorporating small-sized carboxymethyl cellulose into the pores of microfiber films,the resulting composite films exhibit exceptional light transmittance(85%)and pronounced scattering characteristics.Ester groups are obtained through the crosslinking reaction of hydroxy and carboxyl groups,rendering the composite film exceptional mechanical properties(tensile strength of 52.1 MPa and Young’s modulus of 3.43 GPa)as well as remarkable thermal stability.Furthermore,following a simple salinization modification,the composite film exhibits significantly superior hydrophobicity(with a water contact angle of 119°),barrier properties(water vapor transmission rate:3.02 g/(cm^(2)·day)),and self-extinguishing properties,surpassing those of conventional petroleum-based plastics available on the market.By efficiently assembling cellulose-based materials,a cost-effective,environment friendly,scalable,and sustainable approach can be utilized to fabricate high-performance biodegradable materials.

关 键 词：纤维素微纤维 羧甲基纤维素 复合薄膜 可降解材料 

分 类 号：TB383.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]